Women
Deborah Estrin
💻 Computer Science
- was a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Southern California between 1986 and 2001, and at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) between 2001 and 2013, where she was the founding director of the NSF-funded Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS)
- Open mHealth, created open data sharing standards and tools that allow developers of health applications to store, process, and visualize data
- her work has shown how the data streaming from networks of such devices as smartphones and cameras can enrich our understanding and management of complex problems, from personal and public health to traffic patterns and civic engagement
- spearheaded a groundbreaking internship program for Los Angeles high school students in mobile technologies and data
Born: 1959
Country: USA
Education: UC Berkeley BS Electrical Engineering Computer Science (EECS) 1980; MIT MS 1982 & PhD 1985 both EECS
Thelma Austern Estrin
⚛️ Electrical Engineering
- associated with the Brain Research Institute at UCLA in 1960, and organized the Institute's Data Processing Laboratory in 1961
- at UCLA designed and developed one of the first analog-to-digital conversion systems that could convert analog signals from electroencephalograms (EEG) to digital signals
- retired 1991
- is the mother of Deborah & Judith Estrin
- 1st female VP of IEEE
- was hired at the Electroencephalography Department of the Neurological Institute of Columbia Presbyterian Hospital (New York) in November 1951
- 1975 developed a computer network between UCLA and UC Davis
- 1982, she took a two-year leave to work at the National Science Foundation as director of the Division of Electrical, Computing and System Engineering
- authored dozens of research papers about mapping the brain with computers
- later in her career published multiple papers that set forth strategies for attracting and retaining women in the sciences and organized a series of workshops to help women rise to leadership roles
- credited her mother with teaching her that women shouldn’t take a back seat
Born: 1924
Country: USA
Education: CCNY 1941 took classes, no degree; Stevens Institute of Technology 3-month Engineering Assistant course 1942; University of Wisconsin-Madison BS 1948, MS 1949 & PhD 1951 all in Electrical Engineering
Brittney Katherine Exline
💻 Computer Science
🔍 anthropology
⚛️ Engineering
Born: 1992
Country: USA
Education: University of Pennsylvania BS&E Computer Science 2011; Georgia Institute of Technology MS Computer Science 2022; Harvard University Anthropology
Sally Jean Floyd
💻 Computer Science
- 1975 was a computer systems engineer at Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)
- joined the Network Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 1990
- 1999 joined the International Computer Science Institute, a research organization affiliated with UC Berkeley, as a research scientist
- retired in 2009
- diagnosed with multiple sclerosis2007
- was an advisor to members of the CS Reentry Program, a department project which prepared “older” women and minorities, who had bachelor’s degrees in non-technical fields, for competitive admission to graduate STEM programs
Born: 1950
Country: USA
Education: University of Michigan-1969 attended 1 year before transferring; University of California-Berkeley BA Sociology 1971, MS 1987 & PhD 1989 both in Computer Science; Merritt College 2 year electronics course
![Photo of Evelyn "Evvy" Ruth Fowler](/women_pictures/Fowler_Evelyn "Evvy" Ruth.png)
Evelyn "Evvy" Ruth Fowler
⚛️ Chemical Engineering
- volunteered for Meals on Wheels, the Tandet Center, the Smith House, and various chamber music groups
- became a vegetarian in the 1970s
- brought the New York Times crosswords to a new art form with her multicolored puzzles
- was turned down for admission to Columbia University because she was a female & from Brooklyn Polytech (now Polytechnic University) because they had no bathrooms for females so she returned to Pratt for her chemical engineering degree
- designed the original logo for the Society of Women Engineers (SWE)
- hobbies included painting, swimming & yoga
Born: 1921
Country: USA
Education: Art School of Pratt Institute 1942; Stevens Institute mechanical drawing classes; Pratt Institute Chemical Engineering degree
Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven
🎨 Art
🤖 Painting
- see link :: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20260325-the-artworks-by-women-where-men-got-the-credit
![Photo of Christina "Christy" Gardner](/women_pictures/Gardner_Christina "Christy".png)
Christina "Christy" Gardner
🔍 Para-athlete
🤖 Dog Trainer
- an Army veteran (served 2005-07, military police) who lost both her legs while on duty
- now is a certified dog trainer
- member of the United States women's national ice sledge hockey team, she competed in the first-ever IPC Ice Sledge Hockey Women's International Cup in 2014
- in high school participated in basketball, field hockey, soccer and track and field
- participated in the US Paralympic Trials for the 2016 Rio Paralympics
- 2023 participated in the Women's Shot Put for F34/56/57 and the Women's Discus Throw for F56/57 taking 1st place in both events
- helped the U.S. win gold at the 2023 Para Ice Hockey Women’s World Challenge in Green Bay, Wisconsin
- is the only player who has played every position — forward, defense, and goalie — for U.S. women’s sled hockey
- went from never having surfed to representing her country at the International Surfing Association World Para Surfing Championship in less than a year
- helped start Maine’s only sled-hockey team, the New England Warriors
- her initial ambitions in the Army were to serve as a combat photographer but women were not allowed to serve in combat roles so she entered the military police instead
- as a result of her injuries is deaf in one ear
- teaches classes about training dogs at the local state prison as well as stores like Home Depot or Lowe’s
- she can’t reveal where she was injured overseas because it is classified
Born: 1982
Country: USA
Education: Long Island University BA Photography 2005; University of Southern Maine Therapeutic Recreation degree 2015; University of the Incarnate Word MA Organizational Leadership 2007
Timnit Gebru
💻 Computer Science
- none
Born: 1983
Country: Ethiopia
Education: Stanford University BS, MS, & PhD (2017) in Electrical Engineering
Lisa Gelobter
💻 Computer Science
- 2015 was the Chief Digital Service Officer for the United States Department of Education during President Barack Obama’s administration
- raised more than $2 million for tEQuitable, becoming one of the only thirty-four Black women to ever raise $1 million or more in venture capital
- has worked with Black Girls Code and the Kapor Center for Social Impact in efforts to address issues of racism and bias in the tech industry
- often took breaks from school due to financial challenges and worked as a Teaching Assistant (TA) during school semesters
- Shockwave transformed the internet and revolutionized the animation industry, with her invention largely influencing subsequent technologies, like Flash and HTML5
- today’s streaming, gaming, social media, and other digital privileges would not exist without her contributions
- it took her 24 years to graduate from college
- is an outspoken advocate for both racial and gender diversity in the tech industry
- no patents were located
Born: 1971
Country: USA
Education: Brown University BS Computer Science 2011 (while most sources list her graduation in 1991, she entered college in 1987 &, per interviews & quotes from her, it took her 24 years to complete her degree); also took classes at NYU Tish School of Arts & International Ombuds Association but was not awarded any degrees; some sources refer to her as Dr. Gelobter however no PhD either earned or bestowed on her was found
Artemisia Gentileschi
🎨 Art
🤖 Painting
- see link :: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20260325-the-artworks-by-women-where-men-got-the-credit
Lillian Evelyn Moller Gilbreth
⚛️ Industrial Engineering
🔍 Psychology
- Efficiency expert; with husband, Frank, conducted time/motion studies
- Known for adding shelves to refrigerators, adding a foot pedal to kitchen trash cans, & designing kitchens for people with disabilities
- 1st female appointed a professor of management at Purdue University
- Had 12 children; book & movie, "Cheaper by the Dozen" is based on her family
- She & Frank divided workers' hand movements into 17 different units they called therbligs
- 1st female to join the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1926)
- Was taught at home by her parents & tutors until entering public school at age 9
- 1st female to speak at a University of California commencement
- 1st female recipient of the Hoover Medal. In the late 1920s, Lillian Gilbreth enlisted her children — she had 11— in an experiment: bake a strawberry shortcake in record time. Kitchens at the time tended to have haphazard configurations—pots and pans could be at one end of the kitchen, the stove in another, and the utensils in another room altogether—but Lillian figured that with a well-designed kitchen, she could slash baking time dramatically and make cooks’ lives easier. And if anyone was going to hack the kitchen, Lillian Gilbreth was the woman for the job. Lillian and her late husband, Frank, were absolute fiends for efficiency. They’d used the study of “time and motion” to dissect the activities of factory and office workers, and had made a business of optimizing efficiency in the workplace. Now widowed, Lillian Gilbreth, was set to tackle efficiency in the home when their clients would continue working with her and the business failed. Her innovations—she’s widely credited with inventing the pedal trash can and refrigerator door shelves—live with us to this da
Born: 1878
Country: USA
Education: UC Berkeley BA English 1900 & MA Literature 1902; Columbia University; Brown University PhD Applied Psychology 1915
![Photo of Catherine "Kate" Anselm Gleason](/women_pictures/Gleason _Catherine "Kate" Anselm.png)
Catherine "Kate" Anselm Gleason
⚛️ Mechanical Engineering
💼 Businesswoman
- 1st female member of ASME
- Was Manager of Gleason Works in Rochester, NY
- Kate Gleason College of Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) was named in tribute to her
- Began helping her father in his gear factory after the death of her stepbrother Tom when she was 11 years old
- 1884, 1st female at Cornell Mechanical Arts Program; was unable to complete her studies because she had to help out at the family business
- Became a travelling salesperson for the family business, touring Europe in 1893 to expand the business; 1900 represented the business at the Paris World Fair
- Left the family business in 1913
- 1st female named a receiver by the Bankruptcy Court to take over Ingle Machine Company in 1914; restored the company to financial security & paid off all it's debts by the end of 1915
- 1918, appointed president of First National Bank of East Rochester; Helped launch 8 companies
- Experimented building fireproof houses out of concrete & sold them for under $4,000
- Was known for her philanthropy
- Never married; viewed marriage as a hindrance to her professional life
- 1st female member of Verein Deutschen Ingenieure
- 1st female member of the American Concrete Institute
- Held 1 patent
Born: 1865
Country: USA
Education: Cornell University; Rochester Institute of Technology; no degree, little formal training as an engineer; primarily learned by working in her father s gear company from age 14
Adele Goldberg
💻 Computer Science
- was the only woman in the group that built Smalltalk-80, one of the most popular and influential early programming languages
- presented Smalltalk to Steve Jobs, who implemented many of these concepts into Apple’s first products
- many modern Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) have design standards that trace directly back to Goldberg’s original work
- enjoyed problem solving and mathematics from a young age
- most of her work at PARC is the foundation for today's graphically based user interfaces, which replace earlier command line base systems
- continues to pursue her interest in education, formulating computer science courses at community colleges in the United States and abroad
- The Computer History Museum (CHM) houses a collection of Goldberg's working documents, reports, publications and videotapes related to her work on the development of Smalltalk
- is sometimes called the 'godmother of GUI'
- has a twin sister
- joined Xerox PARC in 1973 & left 1988
- has 4 patents pending worldwide
Born: 1945
Country: USA
Education: University of Michigan BA Mathematics 1967; University of Chicago MA 1969 & PhD 1973 both in Information Science
Adele Katz Goldstine
📊 Mathematics
💻 Computer Science
- was an instructor of mathematics for the women "computers" at the Moore School
- trained some of the six women who were the original programmers of ENIAC to manually calculate ballistic trajectories
- work laid the groundwork for modern programming and the development of user-friendly computers
- 1964 published the documentation for the ENIAC project, making it available to the public
- taught math ay Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania & Princeton University
Born: 1920
Country: USA
Education: Hunter College BA Mathematics; University of Michigan MAMathematics 1942
![Photo of Shafrira "Shafi" Goldwasser](/women_pictures/Goldwasser_Shafrira "Shafi".png)
Shafrira "Shafi" Goldwasser
💻 Computer Science
🔍 Cryptography
- is the RSA Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1997) after joining the faculty in 1983; a professor of mathematical sciences at the Weizmann Institute of Science concurrent with her work at MIT since 1993; 2018-2024 the director of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing at the University of California, Berkeley
- holds dual citizenship in the US & Israel
- has become a fan and practitioner of “Playback Theater”, an improvisational interactive group experience
- moved to Israel with her family when she was approximately 6 & returned to the US for college in 1979
- holds dual Israeli & american citizenship
Born: 1958 or 1959 (depending on source used)
Country: USA
Education: Carnegie-Mellon University BS Applied mathematics 1979; UC Berkeley MS 1981 & PhD 1984 both in Computer Science
Olga D. Gonzalez-Sanabria
⚛️ Chemical Engineering
- began her career at NASA in 1979 and retired in December 2011 with 32 years of NASA service
- was the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA Glen research Center in Ohio
- was featured together with her husband, Rafael Sanabria, as "NASA Glenn's Dynamic Duo" in HENAAC's Technical magazine's (Winter 2004 edition) cover story
- has authored/co-authored over 30 technical reports and presentations for journals and conferences
- her contributions resulted in improved separators that isolate oxidation and reduce voltage loss, extending fuel cell battery life and space travel capabilities
Born: Unknown
Country: Puerto Rico
Education: University of Puerto Rico @ Mayaguez BS Chemical Engineering 1978; University of toledo MS Chemical engineering 1985
Evelyn Boyd Granville
📊 Mathematics
💻 Computer Science
- none
Born: 1924
Country: USA
Education: Smith College BA Mathematics & Physics 1945; Yale University PhD Mathematics 1949
Irene Greif
💻 Computer Science
- first woman to earn a Ph.D. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; was a professor of computer science at the University of Washington before returning to MIT as a professor of electrical engineering and computer science (1977–87)
- Preferred research over teaching
- left academia in 1987 to join Lotus, where she directed its Product Design Group,[9] and created the Lotus Research group in 1992
- Lotus was acquired by IBM & she became an IBM Fellow and served as director of collaborative user experience in the company's Thomas J. Watson Research Center
- retired from IBM in 2013
- is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards
- brought a more people-centric approach to software design
- CSCW married sociology, anthropology and computer science, focusing on learning how people actually work with computers, rather than how they say they work
- the fourth woman to hold the distinction of being an IBM Lotus Fellow
- in her free time likes painting, knitting, cooking and travel
- in her dissertation, she published the first operational actor model which in computer science is a mathematical model of concurrent computation that treats "actors" as the universal primitives of concurrent digital computation: in response to a message that it receives, an actor can make local decisions, create more actors, send more messages, and determine how to respond to the next message received
- brings her knitting to meetings, makes handbags, hats, and sweaters
- holds 1 patent
Born: Unknown
Country: USA
Education: MIT SB Mathematics 1969, SM 1972 & PhD 1975 both in Computer Science & Electrical Engineering
Helen Greiner
🔍 Robotics
💻 Computer Science
- moved to the United States when she was 5
- her long term goal is to understand the nature of intelligence
- became interested in robotics after seeing "Star Wars" when she was 10
- is an avid gardener
- the Tertill robots not only pull weeds but can prevent new weeds from growing
- she has tried everything from wakeboarding to kiteboarding to kayaking, & is always looking for new adventures
- her PackBots were used in the rescue effort after the September 11 attacks and for search and bomb-disposal in Iraq and Afghanistan
- known as the Robot Queen
- while working at NASA, helped in designing robots to do repair work in space
- helped design a robot named Scooba that can wash the floor
- played chess with her father at five
- by middle school she was hacking the family computer in order to control her brother's radio-operated cars
- it took twelve years to sell an iRobot at a profit
- had to overcome her fear of public speaking and flying and stop being an introvert when she became the public "face" of iRobot
- is a big snowboarding fan
- believes robots will eventually be in every home, doing tasks like walking children to school or cleaning homes
- her company's mission statement has always been, “Build cool stuff, deliver great product, make money, have fun, and change the world,”
- holds 6 patents
Born: 1967
Country: UK
Education: MIT BS Mechanical Engineering 1989 & MS Computer Science 1990
Dana A. Griffin
🔍 Community Outreach
🤖 Age Tech entrepreneur and AI for Good advocate
- raised by her grandparents in Transylvania, Romania until she was 8 & her grandmother died so she went to live with her parents for the 1st time
- moved to the US to attend University
- Eldera stands for "The Era of The Elders"
- to ensure safety, every mentor undergoes a rigorous vetting process including criminal background checks and identity verification
- serves as the NY director of AI Commons and an official UN delegate to Global Pulse
- spends her time cooking, training in Krav Maga and exploring human wisdom
- Eldera's logo is a stylized Fibonacci sequence
- holds 8 patents under the name D.A Griffin
- her grandfather taught her Romanian and introduced her to the Greek legends while her grandmother spoke to her in Hungarian and educated her about the fictional worlds of Hans Christian Andersen and the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales
Born: Unknown
Country: Romania
Education: University of Akron 2 BS Business Administration, International business & Sales Management 2001 & 2005
Margaret Elaine Heafield Hamilton
💻 Computer Science
- Created the term "software engineer" to describe her work
- Developed Universal Systems Language (USL) with its integrated system-to software "Development Before the Fact" preventative life cycle & its automation, the 001 Tool Suite
- Responsible for the software that allowed Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin to land on the Moon
- Wrote software used by US Air Force to search for possibly unfriendly aircraft
- Early in her career wrote software for predicting weather
- 1st programmer hired by NASA for Apollo Program
- 1976, with Saydean Zelden, founded Higher Order Software (HOS) to develop ideas about error prevention & fault tolerance; created USE.IT which was used in many government programs; left company in 1985
- 1986, founded Hamilton Technologies, Inc
Born: 1936
Country: USA
Education: Earlham College BA Mathematics 1958; studied mathematics at University of Michigan before transferring to Earlham College
Paula Therese Hammond-Cunningham
⚛️ Chemical Engineering
- 1st female & person of color appointed as head of the Chemical Engineering Dept at MIT
- Expert in nanotechnology; has discovered polymers that increase the amount of power held by solar cells & created materials that reorganize their own molecules
- Co-founded MIT's Soldier Nanotechnology, a partnership between MIT, the Army, & industry partners to improve soldier "protection & survivability"
- Presented research on virus-based bacterias to Barack Obama in 2009
- Holds 38 patents
Born: 1963
Country: USA
Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1984 BS & 1993 PhD Chemical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology MS Chemical Engineering 1988
Beatrice Alice Hicks
⚛️ Chemical Engineering
- 1st female engineer hired by Western Electric (1942)
- Co-founder & 1st president of Society of Women Engineers
- Created gas density sensor switch that played a key role in making space travel possible
- Became an engineer when it was viewed as a socially unacceptable role for a woman
- In college worked as a telephone operator at an Abercrombie & Fitch store & at the University's library to support herself
- After her father died, she went to work for Newark Controls Company, a metal-working firm her father founded; 1955, purchased control of the company from her uncle
- Was Director of the 1st International Conference of Women Engineers & Scientists
- 1st female recipient of an honorary doctorate from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Held 1 patent
Born: 1919
Country: USA
Education: NJ Institute of Technology BS Chemical Engineering 1939; Stevens Institute of Technology MS Physics 1949
Stephanie Hill
💻 Computer Science
💰 Economics
Country: USA
Education: University of Maryland BS Computer Science & Economics
![Photo of Frances Elizabeth "Betty" Holberton](/women_pictures/Holberton_Frances Elizabeth "Betty".png)
Frances Elizabeth "Betty" Holberton
💻 Computer Science
- Holberton invented breakpoints in computer debugging. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Holberton
Erna Schneider Hoover
🔍 Logic
💻 Computer Science
- Believed to be the 1st woman to receive a computer software patent in the history of technology
- Invented a computerized telephone switching system while working at Bell Telephone Labs
- Worked at Bell Labs over 32 years
- Thought of her invention while recuperating in a hospital after the birth of her 2nd daughter
- Instrumental in increasing the number of female faculty while on the Board of Trustees of The College of New Jersey
- Holds 1 patent
Born: 1926
Country: USA
Education: Wellesley College BA Classical & Medieval Philosophy & History 1948; Yale University PhD Philosophy & Foundations of Mathematics 1951
Grace Brewster Murray Hopper
💻 Computer Science
📊 Mathematics
🔍 US Navy Rear Admiral
- Co-developer of COBOL
- In the 1940s struggled with alcoholism, depression, & suicidal thoughts
- Has been called "The Mother of Computing"
- Was known as "Amazing Grace" in the Navy 1969, 1st recipient of the Computer Science Man-Of-The-Year Award from the Data Processing Management Association
- 1973, 1st person from the US & 1sy woman to be made a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society
- Rumored to have coined the term "debugging" after she & her colleagues found a moth in a computer
- Had a clock oh her wall that ran counter-clockwise
- A US Navy Destroyer is named after her, the 2nd US Navy Warship to be named after a woman
- 1934, 1st woman to earn a PhD in Mathematics from Yale University
- Ay age 79, was the oldest officer on active US naval duty
- "It's easier to ask forgiveness that it is to get permission" is a quote from her
Born: 1906
Country: USA
Education: Vassar College BA Mathematics 1928; Yale University MA 1930 & PhD 1934 Mathematics
Ayanna MacCalla Howard
🔍 Robotics
🤖 Artificial Intelligence
- 1st woman to lead the Ohio State College of engineering
- While working at JPL developed the next generation of Mars rover that uses AI & doesn't need a human to program it's every move
- 2013, co-founded Zyrobotics, a STEM education & therapy company that designs products for children with special needs
- 2008, developed SnoMote, robots to study the impact of global warming on Antarctic ice shelves
- Holds 4 patents
Born: 1972
Country: USA
Education: Brown University BS Computer Engineering 1993; USC MS 1994 & Phd 1999 Electrical Engineering; Claremont Graduate University MBA 2005
Deborah J. Jackson
⚛️ Aerospace Engineering
⚛️ Physics
💡 Inventor
- 1st African-American female recipient of a PhD in Physics from Stanford University
- Born into a military family, attended 13 different schools before earning a high school diploma in Brunssum, Netherlands
- Developed optical devices that could be used in military applications
- It took her 13 years to recover from a car accident in 1988
- Attended the launch of Cassini-Huygens at Cape Canaveral
- Holds 2 patents
Born: 1952
Country: USA
Education: 1974, BS Physics, MIT; 1980, PhD Physics, Stanford University
Evelyn Speter Jetter
⚛️ Physics
⚛️ Electrical Engineering
- Invented the automotive ignition transistor
- Her daughter, Alexis Jetter, believes she died at age 52 of cancer because of her long career exposure to low-level radiation especially while working at the Atomic Energy Commission & Lionel Electronics
- 1st woman graduate of Cooper Union's night engineering school (1950)
- She was the only mother on her block in Scotch Plains, NJ who knew how to use a slide rule & she taught neighborhood children how to use it
- While she invented things to improve TVs she hated them
- Was an excellent swimmer
- She worked on atmospheric/environmental sensing equipment for & with Beatrice Hicks, setting up a workshop in her basement in NJ
- Held 1 patent
Born: 1927
Country: USA
Education: Cooper Union BS Electrical Engineering 1950; Rutgers University MS Physics
Kristina M. Johnson
⚛️ Electrical Engineering
- 13th chancellor of SUNY (2017-2020)
- 16th President of Ohio State University (2020-2023)
- Has competed in Tae Kwon Do competitions
- Learned to play lacrosse on a boys team
- As an undergraduate, founded Stanford University's women's club lacrosse team 1979, diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease
- 1st female recipient of the International Dennis Gabor Award (1993)
- Holds 5 patents
Born: 1957
Country: USA
Education: Stanford University BS, MS & PhD all in Electrical Engineering; Trinity College Dublin Postdoctoral work
Sheila Crump Johnson
💼 Business
🤖 Entertainment
- Johnson is CEO of Salamander Hospitality, a company she founded in 2005. Co-founder of Black Entertainment Television.
Born: 1949
Lynda Marie Jordan
🔬 Biochemistry
🤖 Ordained Minister
- Is an ordained minister
- 3rd African-AMarjoriedmerican female recipient of a PhD from MIT
- 1st female invited to the MLK Visiting Professor Program at MIT
- 1st person at Harvard University to complete a Master of Public Health & a Master of Divinity simultaneously
- After her parents divorced, she lived with her mother, moved into the projects (public housing), & depended on welfare to survive
- Her mother remarried when she was 11 & she had 12 step-siblings, plus 2 natural sisters
- Participated in the Upward Bound Program
- Was a Ford Fellow at the Pasteur Institute in Paris
- 1995, was the subject of a 1-hour documentary on discovering Women produced by Nova & WGBH-TV
Born: 1956
Country: USA
Education: North Carolina A&T BS, Chemistry 1978; Clark Atlanta University MS, Biochemistry 1980; MIT PhD Biological Chemistry 1985; Harvard University MPH; M.Divinity 2008
Kakani Katija Katija Young
⚛️ Bioengineering
- Former ice dancer & member of the US International Figure Skating Team; she & her brother were national ice dancing champions & once were alternatives for the Olympics
- Studied the mechanics of swimming & feeding marine organisms
- Is a certified research diver
- Discovered jellyfish not only push water into their bells, but drag an almost constant flume of water behind them
- Leads the Bioinspiration Lab at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
- She & her team developed tools to study the sea & life within it such as DeepPIV, ITAG, & autonomous underwater vehicles
Born: Unknown
Country: USA
Education: Edmonds College AAS 2000; University of Washington BS Aeronautics & Astronautics 2004; Caltech MS Aeronautics 2005, PhD Bioengineering 2010
Margaret Keane
🎨 Art
🤖 Painting
- see link :: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20260325-the-artworks-by-women-where-men-got-the-credit
Judith Leyster
🎨 Art
🤖 Painting
- see link :: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20260325-the-artworks-by-women-where-men-got-the-credit
Frances S. Ligler
🔬 Biochemistry
⚛️ Bioengineering
- Her work on optical biosensors made it easier to detect toxins & pathogens in food, water, or when airborne
- Holds 49 patents
- Spent 33 years working in industrial & government research labs
- Grew up training horses oh her grandfather's farm
- Holds 2 PhDs
- Went into biochemistry because "I like doing things with my hands & finding out about life in a hands-on way"
- Made optical biosensors smaller, more versatile, & more automated
- Developed the underlying technology for RAPTOR, a portable, automated biosensor used by NATO & to test water deliveries to US Navy ships
Born: 1951
Country: USA
Education: 1977 D.Phil.. Biochemistry, Oxford University; 1972 B.S. Biology-Chemistry, Furman University; 2000 Oxford University PhD Biosensor Technology
Barbara Jane Liskov
💻 Computer Science
- Invented the notion of data abstraction & her group designed & implemented CLU, the 1st computer language to support it
- 2nd female recipient of the Turing Award (2008)
- 1968, one of the 1st women in the US granted a PhD from a computer science department
- Developed killer heuristic, a move-ordering method
- Developed Argus, a programming language, in the 1980s
- Holds 15 patents
Born: 1939
Country: USA
Education: UC Berkeley BS Mathematics 1961; Stanford University PhD Computer Science 1968
![Photo of "Elizabeth ""Elsie"" Muriel Gregory" MacGill](/women_pictures/MacGill_"Elizabeth ""Elsie"" Muriel Gregory".png)
"Elizabeth ""Elsie"" Muriel Gregory" MacGill
⚛️ Aeronautical Engineering
🤖 Aircraft Design
- none
Born: 1905
Country: Canada
Education: University of Toronto BS Electrical engineering 1927; University of Michigan MS Aeronautical Engineering 1929; MIT Post Graduate studies 1932-1934
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