Innovations

* Noether’s 1915 theory says symmetries in the universe give rise to mathematical conservation laws * Involves work on differential invariants in the calculus of variations * In physics, Noether's theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws * Noether's theorem has been called "one of the most important mathematical theorems ever proved in guiding the development of modern physics" * As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, she further developed theories of rings, fields, and algebras.

* Green was one of the first African American models hired to promote a corporate trademark and became the advertising world's first living trademark. * She made her debut as Aunt Jemima at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago, beside the "world's largest flour barrel" (twenty-four feet high), where she operated a pancake-cooking display, sang songs, and promoted the product. * She continued to work for the Quaker Oats Company for 20 years. * In 2014 a lawsuit was filed against Quaker Oats, PepsiCo, and others, claiming that Green and Anna Short Harrington (who portrayed Aunt Jemima starting in 1935) were exploited by the company and cheated out of the monetary compensation they were promised, seeking a multi-billion dollar settlement for descendants of Green and Harrington. * The lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice and without leave to amend on February 18, 2015.

Salvalaio joined the Laboratory of Plant Morphogenesis at Imperial College London and started working with Arabidopsis thaliana. The main research topic of the lab is root electrotropism, a phenomenon that has been already observed in the past but was never deeply explored. Given the novelty of this research, challenges are always around the corner. A typical day in the lab would involve not only growing plants, but programming power supplies, soldering wires and 3-D printing as well, which makes this research even more exciting.

an American mycologist, and the first female plant pathologist hired by the United States Department of Agriculture.[5] She ran the US National Fungus Collections for almost thirty years, radically growing the collection and shaping its direction, and supervised or discovered numerous significant fungal diseases.[1]

Having learned that mycelium is buoyant and waterproof, Ayers decided to try using it to create a boat. With a mini-grant from the college, she got to work. She reached out to a mushroom company in nearby Grand Island for help, sharing her idea with owner Ash Gordon. He agreed to help immediately and offered her a summer internship so she could learn the ins and outs of fungi. By the end of her work there, Ayers grew a 7 foot 6 inch canoe named Myconoe out of fungi on 2019

* During the years of 1984-85, Brooks traveled to Togo and Senegal in West Africa, where she researched methods to increase productivity of the African groundnut. * Her research eventually led to increased productivity of many different food crops in West Africa. * As a member of the USAID-USDA team, she assisted in establishing collaborative relationships with research centers and universities in South Africa. * She also formally represented UMES in meetings with Egyptian universities.

* Fox successfully produced her first species of naturally colored cotton that could be spun on a machine. *She obtained Plant Variety Protection Certificates (the equivalent of patents for plants) and trademarked her cotton brand: FoxFibre. * Each color of cotton takes approximately ten years of cross-breeding before it can be sold on the market. * She originally cross-pollinated all her plants on her 40-acre farm by hand. * Her life-long goal is to protect and preserve the environment. * Some of the sustainable practices used on her farm include rotating wheat with cotton production in the field, integrating animals by having sheep graze her fields, and planting black-eyes peas next to the cotton and these practices are sinking carbon into the soil.

explosives technician who conducted early testing at the Manhattan Project because she had small fingers & could easily reach inside bombs to set triggers; she and her group tested various configurations of the conventional explosives assemblies that would be used to detonate both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki weapons & were the assembly crew for the world's first nuclear explosion, code-named Trinity, which took place at the Alamogordo Bombing Range in a desert area of south-central New Mexico on July 16, 1945;

* Cochran suggested in 1939 to use women pilots in non-combat missions * To generate publicity for the idea of women piloting military aircraft she a bomber to Great Britain * Beginnings of WASP, a civilian women pilots' organization * Members of WASP became trained pilots who tested aircraft, ferried aircraft, and trained other pilots * Purpose was to free male pilots for combat roles during World War II.

* Hill designed spectroscopic methods and developed ways to track the progress of the reactions based on solubility * These methods were used to determine the solubility of different components in non-aqueous solutions * Enabled synthetic chemists to identify, isolate, and quantify products * Applicable processes included the polymerization of ketenes, which is used in the synthesis of plastics.

Youngest (15 y.o.) African-American female accepted into an Ivy League School; youngest African-American Engineer in the US; speaks 7 languages (English, Spanish, French, Japanese, Russian, Arabic, & German); at 17 youngest IT leader to travel to Cameroon with associate Penn students with "One Laptop Per Child"

* Tupper started keeping bees in Iowa by 1860. * Shortly before the American Civil War she started to write short articles on her first experiences in beekeeping, which were published in a local newspaper. * In 1871, she and Annie Savery started the Italian Bee Company, based in Des Moines, Iowa, to import and sell Italian honey bees in the American midwest. * She was quoted as a national expert on apiary management in 1873. * Tupper was editor of The Bee-Keepers' Journal from 1873 to 1875, and taught bee-keeping at the State Agricultural College of Iowa.

Invented clothes wringer in 1888 but never patented it & sold the rights to a white man for $18

Ceruti is the first woman to specialize in the field of high-altitude archaeology, she was team lead on the expedition which found the Children of Llullaillaco. These mummies, 1 male & 2 female Incan children, are considered the best-preserved mummies in the world. Ceruti has also studied other Inca ceremonial centers on the summits of Andean peaks above 6000 meters. She is a pioneer in the anthropological study of sacred mountains around the world, and in the emerging field of glacial archaeology. She is founder & director pro bono of the Institute of High Mountain Research. Early in her career photographs showing her co-leading an expedition above 21,000 feet were omitted from a publication because "she looked like a teenage girl" & it was believed pictures of her would make the work look easy." Ceruti is of Andean descent & believes mountaineering is in her blood.

Colter's work in the Grand Canyon National Park has become a National Historic Landmark, and she also completed striking work for the Santa Fe Railroad through her work for the Fred Harvey Company, Her work for the railroad on the La Fonda hotel, which opened in 1922, helped create the popular local Santa Fe Style. Colter considered the 1930 La Posada hotel at Winslow Station in Arizona to be her masterpiece, and it featured many characteristic elements of her distinctive style, such as red clay tile roofing, beautiful courtyards and garden spaces, and decorative ironwork. Completed 21 landmark hotels, commercial lodges & public spaces for the Fred Harvey Company. Blended Spanish Colonial Revival & Mission Revival architecture with Native American motifs & Rustic elements that became popular troughout the Southwest. Her work is credited with inspiring the Pueblo Deco style. her work influenced the look & feel of an entire generation of parkitecture often called National Park Service rustic & set the precedent for using on-site materials & bold, large-scale design elements. 1936 created Mimbreno china & flatware for use on the Super Chief rail service on the Santa Fe Railroad.

Ítala Fulvia Villa oversaw the building of the colossal Sixth Pantheon, a subterranean mausoleum known as the Sixth Pantheon or the Great Pantheon. It is a gigantic underground necropolis with 40,000 plots in the Chacarita Cemetery, an experiment that was constructed between 1950-1958. Villa received no credit for it until 2016.

After obtaining her degree from the School of Architecture of the University of Buenos Aires Villa became involved with the founding of the Grupo Austral in 1938. This group of architects were particularly noted for bringing the modernist movement to Argentina. They were the first group to recognize that the urbanist movement must holistically look at the needs of the city and its culture, rather than randomly building individual structures. They advocated for green space, parks and streets to be designed for meeting the needs of growth and attempted to bring scientific analysis into city planning. While they viewed cultural development as a key component of architectural identity, they did not believe in preserving historic structures for the sake of history but rather whether analysis proved a structure had adaptability to future societal growth and functionality.

led her community protest against off-shore drilling at fort Bragg CA; works in recycled materials & paint to depict environmental issues;

2021 opened Friedli Gallery in St. Paul MN-a gallery to promote indigenous artists; member of worlds only indigenous female snow sculpting team

is widely known for her fully beaded tennis shoes, which feature pictorial elements on solid, lane-stitched backgrounds; is a regular contributing writer to First American Art Magazine; was a co-curator of Hearts of Our People, a groundbreaking national traveling exhibition of Native American women’s art that opened in 2019; uses her beadwork to tell stories;

one of the originators of the term post-blackness; organized numerous innovative exhibitions of art by African-Americans & mentored the careers of numerous African-American artists; spearheaded the construction of the first-ever purpose-built facility in the Studio Museum’s history; helped produce the revolutionary 1993 Biennial and curated the groundbreaking exhibit Black Male, which examined destructive and persistent stereotypes about African-American masculinity;

Reportedly received a patent for making lubricated molds to preserve her butter sculptures but no patent was located; preferred sculpting in butter even after she learned how to use marble; 1st American butter sculptess

Theresa Secord (b.1958) is a traditional Penobscot basket maker and the founding director of the Maine Indian Basketmakers Alliance (MIBA). Theresa received the National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 2016. In 2009, she was honored with the First Peoples Fund Community Spirit Award and in 2003, the Prize for Creativity in Rural Life by the Women’s World Summit Foundation, presented at the UN in Geneva, Switzerland; for helping basket makers rise out of poverty. Theresa learned to weave ash and sweet baskets on Indian Island from her mentor, the late Madeline Tomer Shay (Penobscot) beginning in 1988. She weaves family and tribal styles on antique wooden forms, using tools handed down to her from her great-grandmother, Philomene Saulis Nelson. Theresa has taught more than a dozen apprentices to weave baskets and her own work resides in museum and private collections across the nation. She is currently mentoring her own son again, Caleb Hoffman.

Titre-Montgomery is Co-Founder of Cornerstone Interactive Studios, a new studio focused on reimaging cinematic and interactive experiences. She graduated with a degree in computer animation from Miami International University of Art and Design in 2000 and has worked on computer animation for games since graduation.

pioneer of modern contemporary dance; is known as the Mother of Modern Dance; her innovative technique emphasized natural movement in contrast to the rigidity of traditional ballet; emphasized what she called "evolutionary" dance motion, insisting that each movement was born from the one that preceded it, that each movement gave rise to the next, and so on in organic succession; opened several school to teach her philosophy of dance; her autobiography "My Life" was published in 1927

Dunham was an innovator in African-American modern dance as well as a leader in the field of dance anthropology, or ethnochoreology. Taking inspiration from African-based dance where one part of the body plays against one another, she focused on articulating the torso in her choreography; this became known as the Dunham Technique. At the height of her career in the 1940s and 1950s, Dunham was renowned throughout Europe and Latin America and was widely popular in the United States. The Washington Post called her "dancer Katherine the Great." For almost 30 years she maintained the Katherine Dunham Dance Company, the only self-supported American black dance troupe at that time. Over her long career, she choreographed more than ninety individual dances. She was a pioneer of Dance Anthropology, established methodologies of ethnochoreology, and her work gives essential historical context to current conversations and practices of decolonization within and outside of the discipline of anthropology. As part of her Masters thesis did ethnographic studies of dance in Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique & Trinidad. Developed the Dunham Technique of Dance.

Primus' sojourn to West Africa has proven invaluable to students of African dance. She learned more about African dance, its function and meaning than had any other American before her. Primus was known as a griot, the voice of cultures in which dance is embedded. She was able to codify the technical details of many of the African dances through the notation system she evolved and was also able to view and to salvage some "still existent gems of dances before they faded into general decadence."[22] She has been unselfish in sharing the knowledge she has gained with others.[1] The significance of Primus' African research and choreography lies in her presentation of a dance history which embraces ethnic unity, the establishment of an articulate foundation for influencing future practitioners of African dance, the presentation of African dance forms into a disciplined expression, and the enrichment of American theater through the performance of African dance

Remark Glass was founded in 2016 by Danielle Ruttenberg, Rebecca Davies, and Mark Ellis. It is a zero-waste certified, woman owned business that creates hand-blown glassware and lighting from recycled bottles. They collect glass from local restaurants and community members in Philadelphia, and transform them into unique and sustainable products. They also have a sister non-profit organization called Bottle Underground (founded 2020), which aims to solve the larger waste issue of glass. They have been featured on Good Morning America, Forbes, and The I on MSN.com. “Alongside our sister non-profit Bottle Underground, every glass purchased is a bottle diverted from the landfill.” They have created a keepsake line that transforms a glass keepsake (usually a bottle) from a special occasion into a home accessory like a bowl, pitcher or lamp

Driscoll's artistic potential was apparent and she was hired by Louis Comfort Tiffany to work at Tiffany Glass Company (later known as Tiffany Studios) in 1888.[7] She worked there off and on for more than 20 years, designing lamps and fancy goods as well as supervising the Women's Glass Cutting Department.[7] Engaged or married women were not allowed to work at the company, so Driscoll had to leave because of her marriage in 1889. After Driscoll's first husband Francis Driscoll died in 1892, she resumed working for Tiffany. She became engaged again in 1896-1897, to Edwin Waldo, but he disappeared and no marriage occurred. She remained at Tiffany Studios until her marriage to Edward A. Booth in 1909.[6] While employed with Tiffany, Driscoll worked closely with a number of other "Tiffany Girls" including Alice Carmen Gouvy and Lillian Palmié.[6]

Though her name may be unknown to many, Waugh’s work is embedded in the early history of the National Park Service, which has managed and maintained America’s public lands and monuments since 1916. From 1933 to 1937, Waugh worked as a landscape architect and artist in the Branch of Planning for the park service, at first developing and designing technical manuals for the but eventually turning to the creation of posters promoting state and national parks that would become her hallmark.

Cruz rose to fame in Cuba during the 1950s as a singer of guarachas, earning the nickname "La Guarachera de Cuba". In the following decades, she became known internationally as the "Queen of Salsa" due to her contributions to Latin music. She has sold over 10 million copies, making her one of the best-selling Latin music artists. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Cruz at No. 18 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. In February 2023, Cruz was selected as an honoree in the 2024 American Women quarter program, making her the first Afro-Latina to appear on a U.S quarter. Recorded over 80 albums, has 3 Grammys, 4 Latin Grammys & 23 gold records. Was the lead singer for the Cuban band Sonora Matancera from 1950-65.Sang Santeria & Yoruba language songs & in the styles of guarachas, salsa, rumba, afro, son, & bolero. Was a symbol & spokesperson of the Cuban community in exile. Has appeared in several movies & telenovelas. In the US collaborated with Tito Puente & signed with Fania Records.

Alsop has founded multiple professional music groups: NY String Ensemble in 1981, the female jazz ensemble String Fever, and in 1984 Concordia, a 50-piece orchestra specializing in 20th century American music. In 2002 she also founded Taki Concordia Conducting Fellowship (now Taki Alsop Conducting Fellowship) for female conductors. Alsop is also invested in music education. Some initiatives she made while at the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra include a Webumentary Film Series, a free iTunes podcast titled "Clueless About Classical" & the OrchKids program directed at underprivileged Baltimore youth. Alsop believes that music has the power to change lives and is internationally known for her innovative approach to programming & audience development. In 2022 she created "Breaking Barriers", an annual summer festival celebrating women composers, conductors & artists.

A major compositional success for Beach came with her Mass in E-flat major, which was performed in 1892 by the Handel and Haydn Society orchestra, which since its foundation in 1815 had never performed a piece composed by a woman. Newspaper music critics responded to the Mass by declaring her one of America's foremost composers, comparing the piece to Masses by Cherubini and Bach. Beach followed this up with an important milestone in music history: her Gaelic Symphony, the first symphony composed and published by an American woman. It premiered October 30, 1896, performed by the Boston Symphony "with exceptional success," although "whatever the merits or defects of the symphony were thought to be, critics went to extraordinary lengths in their attempts to relate them to the composer's sex.”

Ma Rainey created what is now known as "classic blues" while also portraying black life like never before. As a musical innovator she built on the minstrelsy and vaudeville performative traditions with comedic timing and a hybrid of American blues traditions she encountered in her vast tours across the country. She helped to pioneer a genre that appealed to North and South, rural and urban audiences.[31] Her signature low and gravelly voice sung with Rainey's gusto and authoritative style inspired imitators from Louis Armstrong, Janis Joplin and Bonnie Raitt among others.[31] In her lyrics, Rainey portrayed the black female experience like few others of the time reflecting a wide range of emotions and experiences.

Anna Goldwater Alexander is the Director of Photography of WIRED Magazine. She has been producing photo shoots and commissioning WIRED photographers for over twenty years. Anna was the 2019 recipient of the National Magazine Awards General Excellence, Design and Photography by American Society of Magazine Editors. She was nominated as Photo Editor of the Year by the Lucie Foundation in 2021. Most recently, Anna received a National Magazine Award for producing the Best Profile Picture in 2023. Anna has also been awarded honors from the Society of Publication Design, American Photography, Art Directors Club and Communication Arts. Anna has a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Photography from the University of Arizona. She resides in Northern California with her husband, two teenagers, three cats and Trout the dog. Alexander is interested in all genres of photography, and video and animation.

Broom's pictures, including soldiers setting off to fight in World War One and members of the Royal Family, appeared in what was then a male-dominated newspaper industry. From the early 1900s, Broom began to sell postcards of her photos from a stall beside Buckingham Palace, showing images of contemporary London, including historic images of the women's suffragette movement. Broom regularly photographed activists and public demonstrations in support of women's right to vote. Her work included portraits of leading figures such as Christabel Pankhurst, who co-founded the Women's Social and Political Union.

Bradstreet's first volume of poetry was The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, published in 1650. It was met with a positive reception in both the Old World and the New World. Her later writings developed into her unique style of poetry which centers on her role as a mother, her struggles with the sufferings of life, and her Puritan faith. While her works were initially considered primarily of historical significance, she reached posthumous acclaim in the 20th century. Her first collection, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, was widely read in America and England.

Burke opened the Selma Burke Art School in New York City in 1946, and later opened the Selma Burke Art Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The center "was an original art center that played an integral role in the Pittsburgh art community," offering courses ranging from studio workshops to puppetry classes. Burke used her art to make opportunities to bring people together. In Mooresville, black children were banned from use of the public library. With her rising fame, Burke chose to donate a bust of a local doctor on the condition that the ban be removed. The town accepted. Burke

In 1943, Burke competed in a national contest to win a commission for the sculpture, created from sketches made during a 45-minute sitting with Roosevelt at the White House. Burke herself "wrote to Roosevelt to request a live sitting, to which the president generously agreed. His wife Eleanor Roosevelt objected to how young Burke chose to present him, but she responded by saying, "This profile is not for today, but for tomorrow and all time. The 3.5-by-2.5-foot plaque was completed in 1944 and unveiled by President Harry S. Truman in September 1945 at the Recorder of Deeds Building in Washington, D.C., where it still hangs today.