Innovations

2015 founding Director of the Research Center on Manufacturing Science & Innovation at Northwestern University; program director at NSF2003-05; Senior Institute Fellow at Argonne National Laboratory 2016; her work has made fundamental contributions to the characterization of the effects of material structures on forming behavior of metals & woven composites; her research has integrated analytical & numerical simulation methods, control & sensors, design methodologies to advance manufacturing processes; her group has designed unique manufacturing equipment for microforming, dieless sheet forming & additive manufacturing; current research impacts on energy-efficient manufacturing, surface engineering & distributed manufacturing

founder of Dugan Ventures & RedXDefense LLC; at ATAP developed Project Tango an augmented reality computing platform & Project Ara a modular smartphone program; with Dr. Kaigham (Ken) Gabriel negotiated the Multi-University Research Agreement which initially consisted of 8 public & private universities; while working at DARPA developed a system for venting gas from a space liquid storage tank & led the research & development of "Dog's Nose" an advanced portable system that can detect the explosive content of landmines; holds 11 patents

* Begay worked to provide local solar renewable energy systems to remote members of the Navajo Nation, working through the Department of Energy Tribal Program. * She has helped the Nation to bring power to hundreds of members. * She mentors American Indian engineering students, especially in the energy sector. * Begay chairs the Rainforest Innovations program at University of New Mexico.

co-founder of Sesame Workshop (formerly Children's television Workshop or CTW); crated Sesame Street, Electric Company, 3-2-1 contact, Square One TV, Ghostwriter, CRO, Big Bag, Dragon Tales, Sagwa the Chinese Cat, Pinky Dinky Doo; has 205 Emmy awards, 10 Grammy Award, 5 George foster Peabody Awards including an Institutional Peabody

recorded the burgeoning suffragette movement in the early 1900s; appointed official photographer to the Household Division from 1904 to 1939 and had a darkroom in the Chelsea Barracks; her photographs encouraged military recruitment; 1908 was permitted to work in the grounds of Buckingham Palace and to photograph the king and queen; was unusual because she worked on the street rather than in the studio;

* Benjamin held patent for a shoe that delivered medication through the sole. * A second patent was given for a Gong & Signal Chair for use in hotels, which could summon a waiter without having to get up.

* Geer invented a syringe which could be operated with one hand * As a nurse, she observed that many of the syringes in use were cumbersome, required two hands to operate, and were prone to imprecision and sanitation issues. * This posed challenges for nurses and physicians in clinical environments that demanded speed, accuracy, and sterility.

* Blount invented this self-feeding device while working with amputees following World War II * It had a tube to transport individual bites of food to the patient's mouth. * This allowed patients to control how much they would eat without assistance from others. * The American Veterans Administration (VA) declined Blount's invention, so in 1952 she licensed it freely to the French government.

* Lewis holds a patent for Wheeled Travois a bamboo travois that can be easily assembled & used to transport people & things easily in emergency situations. * She is an advocate for Inventing 101, a middle school curriculum she developed to teach children they are capable of inventing to solve problems. * She founded ‘YouSolve Inc’, a global crowdsourced problem solving web site in 2018.

* Jackson invented the CPR wrap for use in emergency situations. It prompts users in CPR steps & is made from eco-friendly non-woven fabric. * Jackson created the wrap after her 2-year-old son stopped breathing; she froze, & forgot how to administer CPR. Her husband stepped in to perform CPR, and saved their son's life. * This traumatic event caused her to wonder how many other trained professionals might forget their training when faced with a traumatic emergency. Jackson’s company has started ‘Operation School Safety Initiative’ to raise money to supply CPR Wrap Kits in every classroom.

* Artunduaga designed Sylvee, a wearable chest device, that detects COPD exacerbations * Device monitors respiratory health & management without having to use hospital equipment * Founded Samay to produce and market the device.

* Blount invented a disposable kidney-shaped disposable cardboard dish made out of flour, water, and newspaper that was baked until the material was hard * The concave shape of the small basin fits into the curves of a human body * By making it disposable, the danger of passing infections from one patient to another was eliminated * U.S. Veterans Affairs (VA) showed no interest in Blount's invention so she sold the rights to her invention to a company in Belgium.

* Dağdeviren has developed piezoelectric mechanical energy harvesters (PZT MEH) which are powered by human motion instead of batteries. * Using PZT MEH, she developed in 2017 a flexible devices that senses mechanical deformation within the gastric cavity * 2018 she & her team developed miniaturized neural system for chronic local drug delivery.

* Casano, at age 12, 2020 invented in 2020 the Medi Teddy to cover medical IV bags, in order to alleviate the fears of young children in the hospital. * Founded Medi Teddy Inc, a nonprofit that provides Medi Teddy IV Bag Covers to pediatric infusion patients at no cost to the patient. * Medi Teddy comes in two models: a personalized, washable “Bailey” plush with a stretchy mesh rear pouch, and a silicone “Hope” bear designed for hospitals to reuse with multiple patients. * Her fear of needles & all the IV equipment inspired her to invent the Medi Teddy.

* In 2023 Clayborne received $750,000 in start-up investments from Maryland’s Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO).

* Richards-Kortum founded Rice360 Institute for Global Health to develop highly effective, low-cost healthcare solutions for underserved communities * Works to educate future leaders to innovate and implement solutions for underserved healthcare options * Developed a low-cost, battery imaging system that could detect premalignant tissue without a biopsy * Her lab works to advance nanotech & molecular imaging in order to develop portable & inexpensive optical imaging systems * Developed low-power devices for premature babies in impoverished areas at low-cost. low-cost battery imaging system to detect premalignant tissues without a biopsy; works to advance nanotech & molecular imaging to develop portable & inexpensive optical imaging systems; developed Pumani CPAP system to help newborns with breathing problems; developed BiliSpec a diagnostic tool for jaundice & DoseRight a solution for precise administration of liquid medicine to children; teaches students to be technological innovators who think in human terms

* Abrams designed & made the 1st Post-Op Supportive Hug (POSH) Pillow for mastectomy patients. * It is designed to be placed across the chest & held together by a seatbelt. * She developed this after witnessing a patient’s discomfort in the car during the post-operative healing period.

* Andersen was the first to name & identify cystic fibrosis as a separate, likely genetic disease transmitted in a recessive manner. * Developed a simple diagnostic test for CF. * Treated her CF patients with specific diet changes, vitamins & pancreatic enzymes treated CF-related lung infections with antibiotics. * Her treatment was critical in increasing the life-expectancy of CF patients.

* Yalow with collaborator Solomon Berson developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, a method for measuring concentrations of substances in blood * Radioisotope tracing technique that allows the measurement of tiny quantities of various biological substances in human blood, as well as a multitude of other aqueous fluids * Originally used to study insulin levels in diabetes mellitus, the technique has since been applied to hundreds of other substances * Includes hormones, vitamins and enzymes, all which had been present in quantities or concentrations that were previously too small to detect * Without the contributions of Yalow to the work of accurate hormone measurement, it would be impossible to diagnose various hormone-related conditions and endocrine diseases * Called "the Mother of Endocrinology."

* Xu developed an early detection tool which can use ordinary smartphone photographs to differentiate Kawasaki Disease from its lookalike diseases.

* Blount observed in her practice how a person's handwriting reflected their state of health * Published a technical paper on "Medical Graphology" * Career in forensics, when by the late 1960s she was assisting police departments * In 1977, the Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard) Forensic Science Laboratory invited Blount to join them in London for advanced studies in graphology.

* Gonzalez patented processes to diagnose invasive amebiasis, a parasitic disease that kills between 50,000 to 100,000 people each year

* Free worked with her husband to make urine tests more convenient than tablets by creating strips. * The duo introduced Clinistix, the first dip-and-read diagnostic test strip for monitoring glucose in urine. * Further work to develop other strips that could test for key indicators of diseases, such as proteins and ketones * Created Multistix, which enabled a urine analysis that combined multiple tests into one strip.

* Preston was in the first graduating class of Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1851 in their 1st class * opened a school of nursing in 1863 * 1866 became 1st female dean of the Women's Medical College * advocate for the training of women to become doctors

* Singer was lead in new field of recombinant DNA technology, among the 1st to call attention to the possible risks of genetic engineering. * She organized the 1975 Asilomar conference in order to bring together scientists to impose restrictions and draw guidelines on recombinant DNA research, * Advocated for resumption of research under cautious safeguards until more was known about the potential biohazards of recombinant DNA technology.

* Demonet illustrated facial reconstruction surgeries during WWI to assist doctors with surgeries on wounded soldiers * Her work enabled doctors who performed the surgeries & repairs to teach others & review their work * Founding member of the Association of Medical Illustrators (AMI) * Started work at the National Institute of Health in 1926 and became chief of Medical Arts department in 1938.

* Green developed a method where lasers are used to "illuminate" the nanoparticles * Using this image of cancerous cells decreases the amount of time it takes to target these cells * Member of the team that developed a laboratory method to insert nanoparticles into cancer cells while avoiding surrounding healthy cells * Tissue incorporating the nanoparticles heats up due to directed laser radiation, which then destroys the cancer cells.

* The work of Ann Tsukamoto has been of immense value to the field of regenerative medicine, particularly in the treatment and research of neurodegenerative diseases. * Her research on human neural stem cells has resulted in potential therapeutic treatments for conditions such as spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. * Isolation of these stem cells has been a platform for further clinical research, testing their ability to repair and regenerate damaged neural tissues. * Besides her contribution to hematopoietic and neural stem cell biology, her research and work have influenced advancements in gene therapy and tissue engineering.

* Askins used radioactive materials to enhance underexposed images from space revealing details in images from deep space never detected before * Method involved making a 2nd print using the radioactive materials, the resulting print is called an autoradiograph * This technology also used in photo restoration * In x-ray technology it lowers the amount of radiation a patient is exposed to.

* Through her research on the effects of weightlessness on an individual’s physiology, Long determined that space had no effect on sickle cell anemia. * This finding opened up careers in aerospace to more African Americans.

Identified chromosomal translocation as the cause of leukemia and other cancers (1972) proving cancer is a genetic disease & chromosome abnormalities were important; developed the use of existing methods of quinacrine fluorescence & Giemsa staining to identify chromosomes; instrumental in the creation of Gleevec a drug to treat leukemia; holds 3 patents

A hug machine, also known as a hug box, a squeeze machine, or a squeeze box, is a therapeutic device designed to calm hypersensitive persons, usually individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The device was invented by Temple Grandin to administer deep-touch pressure, a type of physical stimulation often self-administered by autistic individuals as a means of self-soothing.[1][2] Autistic people often have sensory processing disorder, which entails abnormal levels of stimulation of the senses (such as hypersensitivity).[3] Because of difficulty with social interactions, it can be uncomfortable or impractical to turn to other human beings for comfort, including hugs. Grandin addressed this by designing the hug machine, in part to help her own anxiety and sensory sensitivity. age 18 invented a hug box-a device to calm those on the autism spectrum she invented to calm herself; 1986 published her book, Emergence: Labeled Autistic, where she publicly discussed her struggles with autism; her book, Developing Talents, 2nd Edition, explores many unnoticed aspects of vocational rehabilitation programs that provide job training and placement for people with disabilities, as well as Social Security Administration programs that offer vocational assistance; 1995, published "Thinking in Pictures, an autobiography showcased her belief that all autistic people saw the world in picture like she did but the 2nd edition published in 2006 identified 3 types of autism-1. Visual Thinkers like she is, who think in photographically specific images. 2. Music and Math Thinkers – who think in patterns and may be good at mathematics, chess, and programming computers. 3. Verbal Logic Thinkers – who think in word details, and she noted that their favorite subject may be history; 2013 published The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum; 1980 published her first two scientific articles on beef cattle behavior during handling; was one of the first scientists to report animals are sensitive to visual distractions in handling facilities such as shadows, dangling chains, and other environmental details that most people do not notice; developed a center track (double rail) conveyor restrainer system for holding cattle during stunning at large beef slaughtering plants; developed an objective, numerical scoring system for assessing animal welfare at slaughtering plants; has also written about the effect of hair whorl position on cattle behavior, the influence of stress prior to slaughter upon meat quality, religious slaughter, mothering behavior of beef cows, cattle temperament, and causes of bruising; designed curved corrals she adapted with the intention of reducing stress, panic, and injury in animals being led to slaughter; contributing editor to MEAT+POULTRY; consults for firms with McDonald’s, Burger King, and Swift to focus on ethical slaughtering practices;

founded the National association of Army Nurses of the civil War; conducted mental health system evaluations & wrote reports to legislatures in Rhode Island, New York, Indiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Illinois, North & South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Maryland, & Alabama & at least 13 European countries which resulted in mental health hospital reform; 1854 & 55 conducted an investigation in Scotland which resulted in the formation of the Scottish Lunacy Commission; her investigation in Rome led to praise from Pope Pius IX; 1861 was appointed superintendent of Army Nurses by the Union Army resigning in 1865; ultimately founded mental health 32 hospitals in the US & in influenced the creation of 2 in Japan

Bercey was an international expert on weather. Increasing the participation of African-American women in meteorology and geophysical science was a major focus for Bacon-Bercey. In 1978, she published an analysis of African-American meteorologists in the US.[16] She had won $64,000 as a contestant on The $128,000 Question in 1977, which she used to establish a scholarship fund for young women interested in atmospheric sciences, administered by the American Geophysical Union (AGU).[17][18] From 1978-1990, 13 women (12 graduate students, 1 undergraduate student) received $400-$500 of scholarship money from AGU's June Bacon-Bercey Scholarship in Atmospheric Sciences for Women.

she & her team mix two common types of soil bacteria, Bacillus pasteurii and Sporosarcina ureae, with sand and “feed” the bacteria a rich solution containing both urea and calcium chloride; after using up the supply of nutrients, the bacteria die, but by that time, the calcium carbonate has crystalized the sand into solid limestone*when perfected, her process for creating & fixing limestone is expected to be used to restore such monuments as the foundation of the empire State Building & Mt. Rushmore

1943-1944 with Selman Waksman & Albert Schatz discovered streptomycin; worked on antimicrobials which could protect plants from Dutch elm disease; after the discovery of streptomycin she worked on micromonosporin, a pigmented glycoprotein which was active against gram-positive bacteria; worked for Merck & Co. evaluating pyrazinoic acid and penicillin as antibiotics against mycobacterium tuberculosis & developed several antimicrobial substances;

* Charpentier uncovered a novel mechanism for the maturation of a non-coding RNA which is pivotal in the function of CRISPR/Cas9. * Demonstrated that a small RNA called tracrRNA is essential for the maturation of crRNA. * Essential to the CRISPR process, for which she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2020.

* Hazen and Brown began searching for an effective antifungal agent for the New York State Health Department * In 1950, they presented the first safe and effective antifungal antibiotic to the National Academy of Sciences * The research had numerous applications ranging from saving infected trees to restoring paintings & artwork damaged by mold * Further research developed nystatin, the first fungicide safe for treating humans.

invented generalized dynamic instruction handling dimentionless scalable design rules that simplified chip design & design tools; holds 5 patents

with Edward D. Boyes created the original atomic-resolution ETEM or environmental transmission electron microscope which enables the visualization and analysis on the atomic scale of dynamic gas-catalyst reactions underpinning key chemical processes; in 2009 succeeded in creating a microscope capable of perceiving chemical reactions at the atomic scale; also with Boyes analytical in-situ environmental scanning TEM(ESTEM) with single atom resolution, to visualise and analyse dynamic gas-catalyst reactions at operating temperatures, underpinning key chemical processes, at the atomic level and in real time; is founding Co-Director, The York JEOL Nanocentre, University of York; while at DuPont she discovered an atomic scale reaction site mechanism in catalysts, since called the Gai glide shear mechanism, key to efficiently producing biofuels and polymers; also developed antibiotic nanoparticles for healthcare applications and a green nanocoating process for strong polymers and coatings;