Women - Women's Innovations

Nettie Rood

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Eleanor Roosevelt

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Ora Mendelsohn Rosen

🔬 Molecular Biology

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Anna Rosenberg

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Ilene Rosenthal

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Ilene Rosenthal

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Mary Golda Ross

⚛️ Aerospace Engineering 📊 Mathmatics

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Loretta Ross

🔍 Transgender Studies

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Helene Bohlitz Ackernecht Rother

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1st female to work as an automotive designer when she went to work for GM in Detroit in 1943
Designed auto interiors, furniture, jewelry, fashion accessories, & stained glass windows
Grew up in Germany; moved to Paris; fled Nazi-occupied France with her 7 year old daughter to a refugee camp in Africa; after 4 months, found passage to NY; her husband was in the French Resistance & on the run for years
Her 1st job in NY was as an illustrator for Marvel Comics
1947, established her own design studio
Designed interiors for Nash cars 1048-1956
Was the 1st female to address the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE, 1951)
Designed the interior of ambulances & hearses for Miller-Meteor, silverware patterns fo Samuel Kirk & Son, & stained glass windows for several churches
Held 1 patent for vehicle suspension

Born: 1908

Country: Germany

Education: Kunstgewerbeschule of Hamburg, graduated approximately 1930 with a degree equivalent to an MA in Art; Weimar or Dessau Bauhaus

Emma Unson Rotor

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Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau

⚛️ Chemical Engineering

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Janet Davidson Rowley

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Gladys Williams Royal

🔬 Biochemistry

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Betty Rozier

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Angie Ruan

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Helena Rubenstein

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Vera Dourmashkin Rubin

🔍 Anthropology

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Vera Florence Cooper Rubin

🔭 Astronomy

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🔭 Astronomy

Pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates
With Kent Ford, discovered outer stars in a spiral galaxy rotate as quickly as those at the center
Helped establish the importance of dark matter in the universe
Her calculations showed galaxies must contain approximately 10 times as much "dark" mass as can be accounted for by the visible stars
At an early age built a telescope out of cardboard with her father & began to observe & track meteors
After graduating Vassar in 1948, attempted to enroll in a graduate program at Princeton but was barred because she was female; Princeton didn't accept females in graduate astronomy program until 27 years later
During her graduate studies at Cornell, she studied the motions of 109 galaxies & made one of the 1st observations of deviations from Hubble Flow
Her research provided early evidence of the supergalactic plane
Throughout her graduate studies she encountered sexism; at one point she wasn't allowed to meet with her advisor in his office because women weren't allowed in that area of the Catholic university
1st female astronomer to observe at the palomar Observatory (1965); had to create her own restroom as there were no facilities for women
1992, discovered galaxy NGC4550; half the stars orbit in one direction & half in the other with both systems intermingled

Born: 1928

Country: USA

Education: Vassar College BA Astronomy 1948; Cornell University MS Physics 1951; Georgetown University PhD Astronomy

Carol Ruckdeschel

🔍 Naturalist

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Josephine St Pierre Ruffin

✊ Activist 🔍 social reform

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Lillian Russell

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Wilma K. Russey

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Margaret Hutchinson Russo

⚛️ Engineering

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Zara Rutherford

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Danielle Ruttenberg

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Shirley Welsh Ryan

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Florence Rena Sabin

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One of the 1st women physicians to build a career as a research scientist
Made major contributions to the understanding of TB
1st woman to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
1st female elected to the National Academy of Sciences (1925)
1st female to head a department at Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
After retiring, had a 2nd career as a public health activist in Colorado
Her mother died when she was 7; she & her sister were sent to live with their paternal grandparents in Vermont
Wanted to be a pianist as a child but discovered she wasn't musically talented
"Sabin Health Laws" reformed public health laws in Colorado
1924, 1st female president of the American Association of Anatomists

Born: 1871

Country: USA

Education: Smith College BS Zoology 1893; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 1900

Charlotte Anna Emma Cramer Sachs

🔍 Nutrition 💡 Inventor

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🔍 Nutrition 💡 Inventor

Invented instant mixes for muffins, frosting, puddings, breads, & cakes
Sold her products under the brand Joy Prepared Mixes through Cramer Products Company (founded 1940 in NY)
Was a single, working mother who invented products aimed at women to make their lives easier
Held 6 patents including a combined key & flashlight & wine safes
Initiated the development of a wine museum in NYS
Founded Crambruck Press & Cranbruck foundation, outlets for publishing & promoting her musical compositions & poetry
Was also an artist known as "Charlo" in several exhibitions
With parents immigrated to the US in 1924 1945, married Alexander Sachs, a member of FDR's administration since the early 1930s
Daughter Eleanor had diabetes; charlotte enrolled in dietary classes in 1940 which led to her development of instant mixes with the knowledge she gained