Women
Annie Jean Easley
📊 Mathematics
💻 Computer Engineering
- Helped train African-Americans to take the voting test in her home state of Alabama
- Started skiing at age 46; founder & president of NASA Lewis Ski Club
- Tutored female & minority elementary & high school students in a work-study program & encouraged them to pursue careers in STEM
- Believed in the value of employee morale
- Developed software for the Centaur rocket stage
- Majored in pharmacy for 2 years before switching to math
- 1955, was 1 of 4 African-Americans hired by NASA out of 2,500 employees
- Was an Equal Employment Opportunity counselor at NASA & fought discrimination there
- Her photo was cut out of a NASA promotional photo because she was Black
- Worked at NASA for 34 years
- One of the 1st females to wear pants to work in the 1970s at NASA
- After retiring from NASA became an independent contractor in real estate
Born: 1933
Country: USA
Education: 2 years pharmacy school at Xavier University of Louisiana; Cleveland State University BS Mathematics 1977
Crystal Catherine Eastman
⚖️ Law
- 1st job was investigating labor conditions for The Pittsburgh Survey 1907-08
- her report, Work Accidents and the Law (1910), became a crucial tool in the fight for occupation health and safety
- after 2nd marriage she kept her last name & explored family practices aimed at fostering gender equality within the realms of marriage and family life
- 1923 publication of her article, Marriage Under Two Roofs, caused an uproar as she revealed the specifics of their unconventional living arrangement, maintaining 2 residences
- was a socialist & blacklisted during the Red Scare of 1919–1920
- 1922-27 lived in London with her husband & children because she couldn't find work in the US
- the Library of congress has 7 of her publications in its collection with 4 of them published posthumously
- at Vassar was a regular contributor to the Miscellany & sang in the choir & Choral club
- at Vassar was a member of the Athletics Association, Alpha Chapter of the Philatetheis theater company, Greek Supper Club & Civitas
- was ranked 2nd in her law school graduating class
- when she divorced her 1st husband due to his infidelity she refused any alimony because it would be an admission of financial dependence on a man
- described herself as a militant idealist
- wrote for Time & Tide Magazine in London 1923-27
Born: 1881
Country: USA
Education: Vassar College BA 1903; Columbia University MA Sociology 1904; NYU Law School 1907
Alice Eastwood
🔍 Botany
- 1903 she was one of only two women listed in American Men of Science to be denoted, by a star as among the top 25% of professionals in their discipline
- worked to save a redwood grove in Humboldt County, which was later named Alice Eastwood Memorial Grove
- fought to preserve Muir Woods National Monument and Mt. Tamalpais State Park as well as many other redwood groves in California
- collected over 300,000 specimens in her lifetime
- Mother died when she was 6 & father sent her & her sister to live with various relatives & the 2 lived in a Toronto Convent for a while
- reunited with father in Denver, CO when she was 14
- never went beyond high school, was valedictorian of her class in 1879 & taught at the school for over a decade
- was a self-taught botanist
- worked at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS) from 1891 until retiring in 1949 on her 90th birthday
- collected plant specimens in Colorado, the 4 Corners region, Big Sur region, Alaska, Arizona, Utah & Idaho
- 1959 CAS opened the Eastwood Hall of Botany
- her own home & all her possessions with the exception of her Zeiss lens burned to the ground after the 1906 earthquake while she was saving specimens at CAS
- often used her own money to fund her collection trips & the purchase of books to restore the collection at CAS
- from 1912 to 1949 added approximately 340,000 specimens to the CAS collection, tripling it's size from before the earthquake
- enjoyed reading Henry James novels, the Saturday Evening Post & mystery novels, talking about memorable meals she had eaten, & making jellies, preserves & pickles
- fashioned the clothing she wore during her specimen hikes making button-down skirts made from heavy denim nightgowns
- traveled with minimum gear to enable her to carry home more specimens
Born: 1859
Country: Canada
Education: East Denver High School 1879
Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt
🔍 Social Psychology
- none
Born: 1965
Country: USA
Education: BA Psychology University of Cinncinnati 1987; MA 1990, PhD 1993 Harvard University
Tomima Lisa Edmark
💼 Entrepreneur
💡 Inventor
- raised $5,000 to produce the injection mold for the Topsy Tail by writing a book on kissing
- has written a total of 12 books on kissing, romance, gender studies & cigars
- holds 23 patents
Born: 1957
Country: USA
Education: Stephens College BA Fashion Design 1979; University of Texas at Austin MBA 1983
Kathryn M. Edwards
⚕️ Public Health
- has led trials for nearly every infectious disease for which an effective vaccine exists
- has published more than 650 research publications
- worked at Vanderbilt university Medical Center 1980-2022
Born: Unknown
Country: USA
Education: Grinnell College Chemistry 1967; University of Iowa Pharmacology 1969; University of Iowa Medical School MD 1973
Cecile Hoover Edwards
🔍 Nutrition
- none
Born: 1926
Country: USA
Education: BA Nutrition Chemistry 1946, MA Organic Chemistry 1947 Tuskegee University; PhD Nutrition 1950 Iowa State university
Helen Thom Edwards
⚛️ Accelerator Physics
- joined Fermi National Accelerator Labs (Fermilabs) in 1970
- was a nature lover
- the Tevatron was decommission in 2011 & she was given the honor of throwing the switch to turn it off but it refused to shut down on the 1st try
- was a "hands-on" type of person who often pulled all-nighters to work on a problem & would work on the Tevatron alongside her co-workers
- often felt held back by the constraints of the bureaucracy
- was devoted to her PhD students & exposed them to all aspects of her work
- after retiring to Montana in the early 1990s with her husband don, a fellow physicist, the 1st thing she did was construct a birch bark canoe from scratch
- put up trail cameras in remote woodlands near her home so she could photograph animals in their habitat
- had a backyard telescope she attached a camera to so she could take photographs & was especially proud of pictures she took of the rings of Saturn
- was allowed to throw the switch that turned off Tevatron when it was decommissioned in 2011but it refused to turn off the 1st time she tried
- she & husband (Don Edwards another physicist) endowed a chair in accelerator physics at Cornell University in 2001
Born: 1936
Country: USA
Education: Cornell University BS 1957 & MS 1963 both in Physics, PhD Experimental Physics 1966
Ellen F. Eglin
💡 Inventor
🔍 domestic
- 1888, invented the clothes wringer for washing machines while working as a housekeeper
- Also worked as a clerk or charwoman in a local census office
- Fearing white women wouldn't buy a product invented by a Black woman, she sold her patent to a white agent (male) for $18
Born: 1836
Country: USA
Education: no formal education found
Minnie Joycelyn Elders
🔍 Pediatrics
- none
Born: 1933
Country: USA
Education: BS Biology 1952 Philander Smith College; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) 1960 Md & 1967 MS in Biochemistry; DSc Bates College 2002
Ellen F. Elgin
💡 Inventor
- If not for Elgin’s statements in Woman Inventor in April 1890, the first publication devoted entirely to women inventors, she may have been completely unknown
- worked as a clerk in a D.C. census office & as a domestic
- sole her invention for $18
- was last known to reside in D.C. in 1915 & it is presumed she died sometime that year as she doesn't appear in any future census reports
- some sources report she was born in Maryland in 1836 but most sources list her birth in Washington D.C. in 1849
Born: 1849
Country: USA
Education: Unknown
Gertrude Belle Elion
🔬 Biochemistry
🔍 Pharmacology
- 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings & Sir James Black
- 1st female inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame
- Her work in understanding the target of a drug instead of using trial-and-error led to the development of numerous new drugs
- Her family lost everything in the 1929 Wall Street Crash
- Her grandfather died of cancer when she was 15 & his death inspired her to pursue a career in science & medicine
- Initially unable to find a job in a science field, she worked as a secretary, food quality supervisor at an A&P market, & as a high school teacher
- Held 96 patents
Born: 1918
Country: USA
Education: Hunter College BS Chemistry 1937; New York University MS Chemistry 1941
Arlene Elliott
💼 Entrepreneur
- none
Born: 1918
Country: USA
Education: Davenport (Iowa) HS
Dale Brown Emeagwali
🔬 Microbiology
- 1986, she & colleagues proved S. parvulus, a strain of Streptomycetes, synthesized isozymes of kynurenine formamidase, leading to bacteria being thought of as more complex organisms than originally thought
- She & her colleagues revealed ras oncogene activity can be subdued via antisense methodology, providing an insight in how cancer can be combated
- While at the University of Minnesota, she & husband Philip spearheaded the annual African-American Science Day designed to provide role models for African-American children
Born: 1954
Country: USA
Education: Coppin State College BS Science 1976; Georgetown University School of Medicine PhD Microbiology 1981; Postdoc Fellow NIH 1981-1984; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences 1985-86
Patricia L. Eng
⚛️ Nuclear Physics
- after retiring from NRC, co-authored two highly acclaimed books: “Navigating the Minefield: A Practical KM Companion,” published by the American Society for Quality in 2017; and “The KM Cookbook: stories and strategies for organizations exploring KM Standard ISO 30401” published in 2019
- is featured in two videos and three books on Women in Engineering
- After retiring from the NRC (2013), took some time to become a Master Gardener and catch up on her reading
Born: Unknown
Country: Unknown
Education: University of Illinois BS Nuclear Engineering/Mechanical Engineering 1976; Virginia Tech MS Science & Technology Policy 2013
Julie Spicer England
⚛️ Chemical Engineer
🎨 Artist
- Spent her entire career working at Texas Instruments Inc, retired 2009
- her BFA has a concentration in oil painting which has become her 2nd career
- hold 6 patents
Born: 1957
Country: USA
Education: Texas Tech University BS Chemical engineering 1979 & MBA; SMU BFA Studio Art 2018
Enheduanna Enheduanna
🔍 Historian
✍️ Poet
✍️ Author
- there is significant debate among scholars as to which poems &/or parts of poems were written by her
- there are a possible 42 temple hymns & 3 stand-alone poems attributed to her
- was an Entu priestess of the moon god Nanna in the Sumerian city-state of UR in the reign of her father, Sargon of Akkad
- is the worlds first known poet & author
Born: 2286 BCE
Country: Mesopotamia
Education: Unknown
![Photo of Omolola "Lola" Eniola-Adefeso](/women_pictures/Eniola-Adefeso_Omolola "Lola".png)
Omolola "Lola" Eniola-Adefeso
⚛️ Chemical Engineering
⚛️ Biomolecular Engineering
- Moved from Nigeria to Maryland at age 15
- After the death of her father due to heart disease, she began to investigate new treatment for heart disease
- Her lab has revealed new information about neutrophils (PMNs) & their reactions to vascular-targeting drug carriers (VTCs)
- At the zUniversity of Michigan School of Engineering has established a mentoring scheme & serves as graduate chair recruiting the most diverse students
- encouraged undergraduate students to develop experiments for K-12 teachers to use in their classrooms
- Holds 1 patent
Born: unknown
Country: Nigeria
Education: University of Maryland; University of Pennsylvania
Jeanette Jo Epps
🔭 Astronautics
⚛️ Aerospace Engineering
- Has been selected to fly to ISS in early 2024 as part of SpaceX Crew-8 crew
- Was chosen for the 20th class of NASA astronauts in 2009, graduating in 2011
- 2nd female & 1st African-american woman to participate in CAVES (Cooperative Adventure for Valuing & Exercising human behavior & performance Skills) a European space Agency astronaut training course where they train in space-analog cave environments
- Has a twin sister, Janet
- Her work at Ford Motor Company led to 2 patents
- Worked at the CIA for 7 years
- Was an aquanaut aboard Aquarius underwater lab during NEEMO 18 undersea exploration mission for 9 days
Born: 1970
Country: USA
Education: 1992, BS Physics, LeMoyne College; 1994 MS, 2000 PhD Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland
Anna Louise Cherrie Epps
🔬 Microbiology
- none
Born: 1930
Country: USA
Education: Howard University BS Zoology 1951; Loyola University, New Orleans MS Microbiology; Howard University College of Medicine PhD Zoology 1966
Aprille Joy Ericsson-Jackson
⚛️ Aerospace Engineering
🔍 Aeronautics
- 1st African-american female recipient of a PhD in Mechanical Engineering at Howard University
- 1st African-American female to receive a PhD in engineering at Goddard Space Flight Center
- 1st person of color to receive the Washington Award
- Has worked with & for NASA since an undergraduate student
- Played on her high school basketball team & played the clarinet in the band
- Holds 1 patent
Born: 1963
Country: USA
Education: 1986, BS Aeronatical/Astronautical Engineering, MIT; 1990 MA, 1995 PhD Mechanical Engineering, Howard University; PhD Engineering, Goddard Space Flight Center
Tatiana L. Erukhimova
⚛️ Physics
📚 Educator
- was featured on The Jennifer Hudson Show and Good Morning America
- uses Tik Tok as a platform to teach physics experiments & make them fun
- known for involving undergraduate and graduate students in physics education research
- uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from ping-pong balls and toilet paper to marshmallows, bicycle wheels and hair dryers
- joined the faculty at Texas A & M 2001
- 2022 was awarded the Marsha L. ('69) & Ralph F. Shilling ('68) Chair for Physics Outreach at Texas A & M
- her experiments have radically increased the following of Texas A & M Physics & Astronomy's social media accounts with each new video she makes averaging over a million views
- her video demonstrating inertia using an egg, toilet paper tube, paper plate & glass of water has been viewed 7.8 million times
- her favorite audience to teach is 2nd graders
Born: Unknown
Country: Russia
Education: N.I.Lobachevsky State University of Nizhy Novogorod MS Physics 1987; Russian Academy of Sciences PhD Physics 1999
Carol Yvonne Espy-Wilson
⚛️ Electrical Engineering
- Her older brother (by 7 years), Calvin, began teaching her the math he was learning when she was 5
- 1st African-American & 1st African-American female to achieve tenure & be promoted to full professor at the University of Maryland Dept of electrical & Computer Engineering
- Founder of OmniSpeech, a startup that offers technology to improve sound quality over all phones & in hearing aids among other devices
- Holds 6 patents
Born: 1957
Country: USA
Education: Stanford University BS Electrical Engineering 1979; MIT Electrical Engineerind degree 1984, MS Electrical Engineering 1981, PhD Electrical Engineering 1987
Christine Essenberg
🔍 Zoology
🔍 Oceanography
- very little is known about her
- was lost to science until Katie Hafner came across Folder 29 containing 8 pages of letters from her in a box of papers belonging to Carl Eckart (a geophysicist) at UC San Diego Special Collections & Archives
- in 1922 took a leave of absence from Scripps (without pay) to visit marine labs & her sick sister in Switzerland & 2 months later was teaching science to women & girls at The Constantinople Women's College
- taught in St. Peterburg Russia for several years before immigrating to the US & living & going to school in Indiana
- her school in Damascus stayed open during WWII & was a safe haven for expatriates stranded there & she allowed Allied soldiers to use part of the school
- after the war traveled back to the US many times to gather support, funds & teachers for her school
- in turkey encouraged the mothers of her students to also attend classes in order to better educate them
- spent the final years of her life in San Francisco, dying in 1965 at the approximate age of 89
- published at least 9 scientific papers
Born: approximately 1876
Country: Unknown (might be Sweden or Switzerland)
Education: Valparaiso University MS Zoology & Botany; UC Berkeley PhD Zoology 1917
Deborah Estrin
💻 Computer Science
- was a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Southern California between 1986 and 2001, and at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) between 2001 and 2013, where she was the founding director of the NSF-funded Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS)
- Open mHealth, created open data sharing standards and tools that allow developers of health applications to store, process, and visualize data
- her work has shown how the data streaming from networks of such devices as smartphones and cameras can enrich our understanding and management of complex problems, from personal and public health to traffic patterns and civic engagement
- spearheaded a groundbreaking internship program for Los Angeles high school students in mobile technologies and data
Born: 1959
Country: USA
Education: UC Berkeley BS Electrical Engineering Computer Science (EECS) 1980; MIT MS 1982 & PhD 1985 both EECS
![Photo of Judith "Judy" Lenore Estrin](/women_pictures/Estrin_Judith "Judy" Lenore.png)
Judith "Judy" Lenore Estrin
💼 Entrepreneur
- was the chief technology officer of Cisco Systems from 1998 to 2000
- since 2007 has been the CEO of JLABS, LLC, a privately held company focused on furthering innovation in business, government, and nonprofit organizations
- was passionate about folk dance in high school
- is the author of "Closing the Innovation Gap: Reigniting the Spark of Creativity in a Global Economy" (McGraw-Hill; Hardcover, September 2008), which challenges national, academic and business leaders to work together to make the United States competitive again
- served as Cisco’s chief technical officer (1998-2000)
- holds 1 patent
Born: 1954 or 55
Country: USA
Education: UCLA BS Math & Computer Science 1975; Stanford University MS Electrical Engineering 1977
Thelma Austern Estrin
⚛️ Electrical Engineering
- associated with the Brain Research Institute at UCLA in 1960, and organized the Institute's Data Processing Laboratory in 1961
- at UCLA designed and developed one of the first analog-to-digital conversion systems that could convert analog signals from electroencephalograms (EEG) to digital signals
- retired 1991
- is the mother of Deborah & Judith Estrin
- 1st female VP of IEEE
- was hired at the Electroencephalography Department of the Neurological Institute of Columbia Presbyterian Hospital (New York) in November 1951
- 1975 developed a computer network between UCLA and UC Davis
- 1982, she took a two-year leave to work at the National Science Foundation as director of the Division of Electrical, Computing and System Engineering
- authored dozens of research papers about mapping the brain with computers
- later in her career published multiple papers that set forth strategies for attracting and retaining women in the sciences and organized a series of workshops to help women rise to leadership roles
- credited her mother with teaching her that women shouldn’t take a back seat
Born: 1924
Country: USA
Education: CCNY 1941 took classes, no degree; Stevens Institute of Technology 3-month Engineering Assistant course 1942; University of Wisconsin-Madison BS 1948, MS 1949 & PhD 1951 all in Electrical Engineering
Dorothy Leib Harrison Wood Eustis
🔍 Dog Breeder
🔍 Philanthropist
- 1927 was living in Switzerland breeding German Shepherds at the Fortunate Fields Kennel she began in 1921 working with horse breeder & trainer Elliot S. (Jack) Humphrey & wrote an article for the Saturday Evening Post about a German dog training school for blind veterans of WWI
- Morris Frank a 20-year-old American in Nashville, TN was read the article by his father & wrote to her promising to open a dog guide school in the US if she would give him a dog & train him
- she invited Morris to Switzerland & spent 5 weeks training him to work with a dog originally named Kiss but he changed her name to Buddy (a name he subsequently gave to all his other dogs in her honor)
- was the 6th & youngest child of a wealthy & prominent Philadelphia family
- 1914 during a trip to Europe acquired her 1st German Shepherd she named Hans
- for the 1st 3 years of The Seeing Eye's operation it had no permanent location, with instructors traveling around to the students
- Seeing Eye's 1st home was a 10-bedroom home she purchased in Whipany NJ in 1931, later moving to a 56-acre location with a brand new building/dormitory in Morristown NJ in 1966 where it remains today
- became a Christian Scientist in approximately 1926 & began a healing practice she continued until 1945
- resigned a President of Seeing Eye in 1940 to concentrate on her healing practice & was named Honorary President of Seeing Eye & sat on the Board of Directors
- paid for The Seeing Eye with her own money until 1958 when they began fund-raising
- by the time of her death The Seeing Eye had supplied over 1,300guide dogs
- married her 2nd husband George Eustis in 1923 & divorced 1929
Born: 1886
Country: USA
Education: Agnes Irwin School 1901-1903; Rathgowrie School in England
Alice Catherine Evans
🔬 Microbiology
- Her discovery of the organisms that cause undulant fever led to laws mandating the pasteurization of milk
- 1st female scientist to hold a permanent position as a USDA bacteriologist
- Learned German in order to read research papers in their original language
- 1st female president of the Society of American Bacteriologists
- Attended a 0ne-room schoolhouse in Pennsylvania
- She & her brother Morgan survived scarlet fever as children
- Played on a woman's basketball team & at one game a doctor refused to treat her dislocated finger because she had participated in an unladylike sport
- Taught for 4 years but hated it
- Took classes at Cornell University for her BS & worked as a housekeeper & clerical assistant; her nickname was "The Grind"
- 1st female recipient of a bacteriology scholarship to the University of Wisconsin-Madison for her MS
Born: 1881
Country: USA
Education: Susquehanna Collegiate Institute; Cornell University BS Bacteriology 1909; University of Wisconsin-Madison MS 1910
Brittney Katherine Exline
💻 Computer Science
🔍 anthropology
⚛️ Engineering
Born: 1992
Country: USA
Education: University of Pennsylvania BS&E Computer Science 2011; Georgia Institute of Technology MS Computer Science 2022; Harvard University Anthropology
Cassandra G. Extavour
🔬 Evolutionary Biology
🔍 Genetics
Born: Unknown
Country: Canada
Education: University of Toronto BSc Molecular Genetics & Molecular Biology with major in Mathematics 1995; Autonomous University of Madrid PhD 2000 evolutionary Biology; Genetics, Harvard University; Handel & Haydn Society
Sandra Moore Faber
⚛️ Astrophysics
- With George Blumenthal, Joel Primack, & Martin Rees was an early pioneer in developing a model of galaxy formation based on cold dark matter
- 1st female to join the Lick Observatory
- Instrumental in developing the Keck telescopes in Hawaii (1985); advocated for the use of large optical telescopes all over the world
- Co-discoverer of Faber-Jackson relation with Robert Jackson; it's a link between the velocity dispersion in elliptical galaxies & their luminosities
- Established a way to estimate the distance to any galaxy
Born: 1944
Country: USA
Education: Swarthmore College BA Physics 1966; Harvard University PhD Astronomy 1972
Etta Zuber Falconer
📊 Mathematics
📚 Educator
- none
Born: 1933
Country: USA
Education: Fisk University BS Mathematics 1953; University of Wisconsin-Madison MS Mathematics 1954; Emory University PhD Mathematics 1969; Atlanta University MS Computer Science 1982
Tracy Ann Fanara
⚛️ Environmental Engineer
🔬 Research Scientist
- tests environmental myths to justify action or to alleviate public misconceptions, then communicates results to the public through through media interviews, public seminars, citizen science programs, and scientific investigative docu-reality videos
- played lacrosse, soccer, ice hockey, softball and just about any other sport you can think of, loves animals (including her staffordshire terrier, Bambo), builds remote control cars, is an expert outdoors-woman
- frequently wears baseball hats backwards and wears all-black or camoflauge clothes
- her website is InspectorPlanet.com
- was featured in Marvel’s Unstoppable Wasp which led to her co-produced comic series, Seekers of Science
- has been a guest host on the Discovery Channel show “Myth-Busters”
- leads Mission Tampa Bay, a DoD funded STEM camp for Middle and High school girls, and works with educators and industry to build K-12 curriculum throughout the US
- has a comic book about two women who work with the community and other experts to solve problems and save the world & 100% of proceeds go to giving copies to kids in underserved communities & can be found at seekersofscience.com
- was born with a condition called blue baby syndrome—also known as infant methemoglobinemia
- grew up in Buffalo NY in the Love Canal neighborhood-an area effected by toxic waste dumping by major industries
Born: Unknown
Country: USA
Education: University of Florida BS, ME & PhD (2015) all in Environmental/Civil Engineering
Fannie Merritt Farmer
🔬 Food Sciences
- Her publisher (Little, Brown & Co) didn't expect her cookbook to do well & only issued 3,000 copies printed at Farmer's expense
- the cookbook was referred to as "The Fannie Farmer Cookbook" and it is still available in print over 100 years later
- the cookbook provided scientific explanations of the chemical processes that occur in food during cooking, and helped to standardize the system of measurements used in cooking in the USA
- suffered a paralytic stroke at age 16 while in high school & couldn't walk for a few years
- began cooking & serving her food at her mother's boarding house
- when she regained the use of her legs (with a pronounced limp she had for the remainder of her life) she worked as a domestic for the Shaw family & Mrs. shaw & her parents encouraged her to go to cooking school
- enrolled at the Boston cooking School started by Mrs. Lincoln at age 30 & remained at the school after graduating as the assistant directed & was promoted to principal in 1891
- lectured on convalescent diet & nutrition to doctors & nurses at harvard Medical School
- used a wheelchair for the last 7 years of her life after another stroke left her legs completely paralyzed
- gave her last lecture 10 days before she died after another stroke
- wrote 11 books with recipes, diet & nutrition information
- the cooking school she opened in 1902 closed in 1944
- was one time known as "the mother of level measurements"
- her family licensed the use of her name as long as they agreed to spell her 1st name "Fanny" to a Chicago candy company & they sold chocolates & other confections under the name "Fanny Farmer"
Born: 1857
Country: USA
Education: Boston Cooking School 1889
Anne Fausto-Sterling
🔍 Sexology
- has launched a YouTube channel “The dynamics of gender and development,” where she discusses the developmental process and explores current issues important to the science community
- is a frequent commentator and reference for journalists in some of the world’s leading media outlets, such as The New York Times and PBS
- regularly writes blog posts for the Boston Review, The Huffington Post and Psychology Today
- her sexual continuum argument has not gained the same prominence in the biological sciences as it has in gender studies
- joined the faculty at Brown University 1970 & retired from there 2014
Born: 1944
Country: USA
Education: University of Wisconsin-Madison BA Zoology 1965; Brown University PhD Developmental Genetics 1970
Nina Vsevolod Federoff
🔬 Molecular Biology
- • 1) Nina Vsevolod Federoff
- Originally intended to study music
- Worked on developmental biology & pioneered DNA sequencing, working out the nucleotide sequence of the 1st complete gene
- Raised 3 daughters as a single mother
- Her 1st language was Russian
- Founder & Director of the Huck Institute of the Life Sciences at Penn State University
- Holds 1 patent
Born: 1942
Country: USA
Education: Syracuse University BS Biology & Chemistry 1966; The Rockefeller University PhD Molecular Biology 1972
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Ilia J. (nee Leonard) Fehrer
🔍 Environmentalist
- raised on a small farm in Maryland until family moved to Baltimore in 1942
- After her death, Worcester County named a 441 acre forest on Assateague Island after her, the Ilia Fehrer Nature Preserve
- The Assateague Coastal Trust honors Fehrer by leading a nature walk, the Ilia Fehrer & Judith Johnson Memorial Beach Walk, in her name every New Years Day
- wrote numerous newspaper editorials, commenting publicly on specific environmental events, organized telephone and letter writing campaigns, lead canoe trips to observe nature, and authored and co-authored published works
- had 8 children
- was an elementary school teacher in Baltimore
Born: 1927
Country: USA
Education: Towson College 1948
Marlena Fejzo
⚕️ Medicine
- is the granddaughter of the Austrian composers Arnold Schoenberg and Eric Zeisl
- is the chief scientific officer at a new women’s health company, Harmonia Healthcare, which this year in May opened an HG-focused treatment center in New Jersey and plans to expand to New York City
- became interested in studying Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) due to her own experiences with the condition & being told by her doctors that her symptoms were all in her head & a cry for attention
- furthered her research by partnering with 23andMe to have their clients complete a questionnaire with some questions about hyperemesis symptoms & amassing the data that ultimately identified GDF15 as the cause
- is currently investigating the diabetic drug Metformin as a treatment for HG; holds 2 patents
Born: 1968
Country: USA
Education: Brown University BA Applied Math 1989; Harvard University PhD Genetics 1995
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