Women - Women's Innovations

Adele Simpson

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Maxine Frank Singer

🔬 Molecular Biology

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Rosetta Sister Tharpe

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Ciara Sivels

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Hannah Wilkinson Slater

🔍 Textiles 💡 Inventor

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Maud Caroline Slye

🔍 Genetics 🔍 Pathology

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🔍 Genetics 🔍 Pathology

Her work centered on heritability of cancer in mice
"Invented" (really bred) genetically uniform mice as a research tool, breeding them herself; raised approximately 150,000 mice & kept their pedigrees
Was an advocate for the comprehensive archiving of human medical records
Spent most of her career at the University of chicago
Once went 26 years without a vacation because she didn't want to leave the care of her mice to anyone else
Published 2 volumes of poetry
Was the 1st to postulate certain types of cancer were inherited

Born: 1869

Country: USA

Education: University of Chicago 3 years undergraduate work & post-graduate work; Brown University AB 1899

Polly Palmer Smith

💡 Inventor 🎨 Costume Designer

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Sophia Smith

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Amy Smith

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Tahira Reid Smith

⚛️ Engineering

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Mildred Davidson Austin Smith

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Charlotte Odium Smith

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Caroline Smith DeWaal

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Grace Snively

⚕️ Medical Educator ✊ Activist

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Maxine Snowden

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Mwende Window Snyder

💻 Computer Security

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Jennie Snyder

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Janet Sobel

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Caroline M. Solomon

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Susan Solomon

🔍 Atmospheric Chemist

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🔍 Atmospheric Chemist

Is a leader in the field of atmospheric science
Pioneered the theory explaining why the ozone hole occurs in Antarctica & obtained some of the 1st chemical measurements that helped establish the chlorofluorocarbons as its cause
2007, shared the Nobel Peace Prize
Spent most of her career at NOAA
Became interested in science from watching the Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau as a child
In high school, placed 3rd in a national science competition
2011, joined the faculty at MIT
Solo leader & only female on 2 expeditions to McMurdo Sound in 1986 & 1987
Her work formed the basis of the UN Montreal Protocol, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by regulating damaging chemicals

Born: 1956

Country: USA

Education: Illinois Institute of Technology B.S. Chemistry 1977; University of California Berkeley M.S. 1979; Ph.D. Chemistry with a specialization in Atmospheric Chemistry 1981

Mary Fairfax Somerville

📊 Mathematics 🔭 Astronomy 📊 Polymath

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📊 Mathematics 🔭 Astronomy 📊 Polymath

Astronomer & mathematician instrumental in the discovery of Neptune
Published 5 solutions in Volumes 3 & 4 of the Mathematical Repository under the pseudonym "A Lady"
Said to be the world's 1st scientist because "man of science" didn't fit her
Struggled to get her work accepted due to the long-held belief women weren't intelligent enough to study science
1835, she & Caroline Herschel were the 1st women elected to the Royal Astronomical Society
At age 33 bought herself a library of scientific books
Her 2nd husband, Dr. William Somerville, encouraged her education & scientific pursuits
Was a math tutor and friend of Ada Lovelace
Produced an early version of the optical spectrometer
Was asked to translate "Mecanique Celeste" by Pierre-simon Laplace & produced a translation & expanded version of the 1st two volumes; wrote a standalone exposition of the mathematics behind the workings of the solar system
1848, published "Physical Geography" the 1st English textbook on the subject
1868, at the age of 87, was the 1st person to sign John stuart Mills' unsuccessful petition for female suffrage.

Born: 1780

Country: UK

Education: age 10-1 yr boarding school; self-taught

Heidi Sosik

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Frances Bilas Spence

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Ellie Sperry

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Andrea M. Sreshta

💡 Inventor

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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Elizabeth Stark

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Mabel Eloise Doyle Keaton Staupers

⚕️ Nursing Administration

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Joan Elaine Argetsinger Steitz

⚛️ Molecular Biophysics 🔬 Biochemistry

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⚛️ Molecular Biophysics 🔬 Biochemistry

1980 with Michael Lerner, discovered & defined the function of small ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in pre- messenger RNA
Attended an all-girls high school in Minnesota
1st female graduate student to join the lab of Nobel Laureate James Watson & worked with him on bacteriophage RNA
1975, demonstrated that ribosomes use complementary base pairing to identify the start site on mRNA
Her work helps explain the phenomenon of "alternative RNA splicing"
Discovered that introns (which were thought to be inert) code for snoRNAs that target the modification of other cellular RNAs during their maturation
Her research on snRNPs (pronounced "snurps") may have a significant impact on the diagnosis & treatment of lupus
Holds 1 patent