Innovations

researched directed evolution of enzymes(proteins that catalyze chemical reactions); holds 56 patents

VoIP Technology; holds 213 patents

Her goal is to use knowledge of the cellular inflammatory response & blood flow dynamics to design bio-functionalized particles for targeted drug delivery & imaging; holds 1 patent

American engineer specializing in heat transfer and fluid dynamics; holds 2 patents

"her lab designs polymers & nanoparticles for drug delivery wound healing & energy-related applications including batteries & fuel cells; developed ""stealth polymers"" to disguise cancer chemotherapeutics; designed a spray to help blood clot; developed LayerForm; holds 38 patents"

developed a gas density switch used in the U.S. space program including the Apollo moon landing missions; developed technology used in telephone & aircraft communications like a crystall oscillator that could generate radio frequencies; holds 1 patent

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research Education and Economics & USDA's Chief Scientist (2022); gives advice on policy & oversees quality control on research

inventor of the automotive ignition transistor primary developer of a group of epitaxial base power transistors employed in many types of industrial and consumer electronic equipment; holds 1 patent

In 2017, after a nationwide search, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Computer Information Science and Engineering (CISE) Directorate selected Dr. McCauley to lead the Innovation Corps (I-Corps) Program. The NSF I-Corps program prepares scientists and engineers to extend their focus beyond the university laboratory and accelerates the economic and societal benefits of NSF-funded, basic-research projects that are ready to move toward commercialization. During her first year in this role, she has engaged the national innovation community as well as designing and leading the first I-Corps Innovation Inclusion Summit. This Summit attracted over 260 academic institution participants including I-Corps grantees, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic Serving Institutions and Tribal Colleges to promote and facilitate collaborative innovation.

Research on the vibrational analysis of secondary chlorides in PVC polymers & spectroscopic work on proteins; jobs included calculating the radiation from various types of plasma approximating the IR radiation from the wakes of space reentry vehicles & the analysis of stress-optical delay devices; expanded Ford's use of Japanese engineering & manufacturing methods in the 1980s

headed a major environmental cleanup at the Chevron El Segundo plant; 1996 was Director of Corporate Liaison at the US Dept of Education; at Chevron, she worked on a project to replace underground tanks to prevent leakage of harmful chemicals throughout Northern California, Idaho and Utah; in Southern California, led a multi-million effort to remove hydrocarbons from the groundwater at the one of the largest refineries; worked to reduce emissions of harmful air pollutants; is skilled at leading transformative efforts, paradigm shifts, and innovative strategies; expertise is engaging stakeholders, policy-makers and government officials, in support of a mission; founding team member of Global Water Farm, Inc (2015-2017) an early-stage, privately-held company whose mission is to cultivate water independence while maintaining and restoring environmental health, vitality and resilience;

one of the first to apply computer technology to healthcare and medical research; did pioneering work in the fields of expert systems and biomedical engineering; 1954 with husband Gerald helped to design the Weizmann Automatic Computer, or WEIZAC, the first computer in Israel and the Middle East; published a 1996 paper on women’s studies and computer science to discuss the intersections of the two disciplines as they "both evolved as academic disciplines in the 1960s, but they evolved along very different paths."; contributed to developing EMERGE, a first-of-its-kind system to guide emergency room personnel in treating chest pain;

revolutionized the way train tracks were constructed with her invention, The Gibbon Double Girder Lap-Joint Track, constructed with just four main parts, greatly reduced the number of parts needed, helping to make construction more efficient;

During her tenure at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Bizios found a way of using electricity to grow artificial bones and make them deposit proteins and calcium. She did this by using carbon nanotubes-tubular molecules as electrical conductors to deliver electricity to bone-forming rat cells deposited on a piece of polymer. Bizios is further recognized for making seminal contributions to the understanding of cell-material interactions, protein/cell interactions with nanostructured materials, & for identifying pressure/electric-current effects on cell functions related to neotissue formation.

1st female recipient of a Civil Engineering Degree from an American University 1876

Espy-Wilson's research interests include: "the integration of engineering, linguistics and speech acoustics to study speech communication. She is developing an approach to speech recognition based on phonetic features, articulatory parameters and landmarks to better address variability in the speech signal. She also conducts research in the areas of speech production, speech enhancement, speaker recognition, single-channel speaker separation and language and genre detection in audio content analysis and forensics. A major focus of her research is to gain a better understanding of the relationship between articulation, acoustics and perception and to use this knowledge to develop effective speech technologies". She holds 6 patents

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Marr studied how SARS-CoV-2 & other airborne pathogens could be transported in the air. She also did research on pollution in Mexico resulting in changes in some laws. She has developed sensitive multi-layer sensors to better research pollution and has demonstrated that viruses were more active in very high & relatively low humidity.

In 1918, Gleason was appointed the president of First National Bank of East Rochester when the previous president moved overseas. Her time at the bank was mostly concerned with real estate and construction projects. One company she helped launch was a housing project in East Rochester named the Concrest Community. At Concrest, she began experimenting with concrete to build fireproof houses at an affordable cost, using a pouring method she developed and mass production methods learned from the Gleason Works. The Concrest homes were sold for a price of no more than $4,000. For her work in construction, she also became the first female member of the American Concrete Institute.

Boyce's research interests include the multi-scale mechanics of polymers, soft composites and soft tissues. Her research has been in theory, computation and experimental elements of the nonlinear, finite deformation, elastic and inelastic, time-dependent behavior of polymeric-based materials. Her leadership in the field of the mechanics of materials has expanded the understanding of interplay between micro-geometry and the inherent physical behavior of a material.

* Brill developed the concept for a new rocket engine, inventing the Electrothermal Hydrazine Thruster (EHT/Resistojet) for which she holds US Patent No. 3,807,657. * Her innovation resulted in not only higher engine performance, but also increased the reliability of the propulsion system. * She also proposed the use of a single propellant because of the value and simplicity that it would provide. * The reduction in propellant weight requirements enabled either increased payload capability or extended mission life. * Her invention became a standard in the industry and has translated into millions of dollars of increased revenue for commercial communications satellite owners.

* Crews’ work focused on protecting Spacecraft and satellites from impacts from space debris and meteoroids. When a spacecraft collides with even minuscule pieces of space debris, the damage and impact could be severe. * After multiple tests, Crews soon realized that the aluminum that is used normally to build spacecraft was especially vulnerable to debris collisions. * The solution she thought of was a shield comprising "multiple layers of ceramic fabric, open-cell foam and other materials." * This layered shield repeatedly shocked impacting particles in order to protect the spacecraft. * She created a shield from fabric to make it weigh less, yet have more strength. This is known as the flexible multi-shock shield.

* Darden’s first assignment at NASA was to write a computer program for sonic boom – the sound associated with shock waves created by an aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound. * That assignment led to a 30-year career in flight research, specializing in supersonic noise characterization, analysis and reduction. * By 1989 Darden was the sonic boom group technical lead for NASA’s High Speed Research Program. She worked with her team on designs to decrease the environmental effects of supersonic aircraft, including noise and atmospheric pollution. * Darden and the team also developed sonic boom prediction and other analysis codes used extensively by the aerospace industry in aircraft designs in the late 20th century.

* Hernández’s work as a micrometeoroid and orbital debris specialist ensured the safety of spacecraft in relation to orbital debris and other obstacles, such as radiation, through many analyses and assessments. * During Hernánandez’s time with STABLE, she completed a project called Comet Sliding Spring which led Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Odyssey, and MAVEN safely in the comet event as Comet Siding Spring passed extremely close to Mars on 19 October 2014. This led Hernánandez to work with the Mars team for their mission. * Hernández’s contribution consisted of ensuring that instruments used by NASA were being built safely and tested them to see if they performed properly when taken out on Mars.

* In 2012 Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA 100 Year Starship project, a one-year joint U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) effort "to take the first step in the next era of space exploration—a journey between the stars". * The study explored development of a viable and sustainable model for persistent, long-term, private-sector investment into the myriad of disciplines needed to make interstellar space travel practicable and feasible. * The goal was to examine what it would take — organizationally, technically, sociologically and ethically — to develop the ability to send humans to another star within 100 years. * As Principal, Jemison and her organization, the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence, was awarded a $500,000 grant for further work. Jemison is also the first Black astronaut on a space flight in 1992.

* Since 2015, Aung has been the lead for Mars helicopter technology demonstration. * The atmosphere on Mars is only 1% of the atmospheric density on Earth, so a key question was how to generate enough lift for flight. * The helicopter had to be very light-weight, and its blades had to be able to spin much faster than they would need to do on Earth. * In addition, the helicopter could not be controlled by someone on Earth because radio signals take too long to get to Mars. * Engineers at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory equipped Ingenuity with a computerized system that allows it to stabilize itself and navigate on its own.

* Buwalda Riggle was working at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where they were designing an unmanned moon rover that would carry out survey work ahead of the first moon landing. * The project was led by scientist Phyllis Buwalda, who had been homeschooled on a ranch in Colorado and had a tough, practical intellect. * Her team came to her with a problem. We’ve got absolutely no idea what the surface of the moon is like, they said. Is it going to be sandy? Will there be sharp stones? Will it be hilly? We can’t design a vehicle until we know what it’s like. * Phyllis had a brilliant answer. She said: It’s like the desert in the Southwest. Off you go. People asked her afterwards – how did you know? * She said: I didn’t. But if I didn’t take away the uncertainty, my team couldn’t do anything, and there wouldn’t be a moon rover. * So I just picked out something that I thought was the best bet. And I ruled out things which my team simply couldn’t build for anyway.

* Flügge-Lotz was a pioneer in the development of the theory of discontinuous automatic control (also known as "on-off" and "bang-bang" systems), which has found wide application in hysteresis control systems. * These applications include guidance systems, electronics, fire-control systems, and temperature regulation. * She published what is now known as the "Lotz method" in 1931 for calculating the lift on a three-dimensional wing, and it became a standard technique used internationally. *While at Stanford, she conducted research in numerical methods to solve boundary layer problems in fluid dynamics, making pioneering contributions with finite difference methods and the use of computers.

While at the CIA, David was responsible for encouraging the agency to pursue partnerships with the private sector and designed a proposal to procure technology at the stage of development from the private sector. 1998 President & CEO of ANSER providing analysis & research as a public service for national & transnational securityissues. 1999 developed Homeland Defense Strategic thrust to focus research into internal & external terrorist entitites & hostile nations & expanded the dept to the ANSER Institute of Homeland Security in 2001 to provide public awareness & education on national security

Boyen founded Spheringenics, Inc. together with Zvi Schwartz. It is a cell-based therapies company, using delivery of copper oxide microparticles to stimulate cell repair in infected wounds. She is also Director & CSO; co-founder & CSO of Orthonics a company that makes medical devices; 1993 co-founder & CEO of OsteoBiologics Inc a company that makes tissue engineered medical products; co-founder & CEO of Biomedical Development corporation a company that makes innovations in medical technologies; 2023 co-founder, CEO & CSO of Pascal Medical Corporation; her developments include novel technology for controlling nanotexture on metal & polymer surfaces to study cell responses for regenerative medical applications, elucidating the mechanisms used by steroid hormones like vitamin D & estrogen & microRNAs in the regulation of bone & cartilage cells

Inventor of Graphic Calculator; 1st woman professionally employed as an electrical engineer in US; 1st professor of electrical engineering in the US; holds 2 patents. In 1921, Clarke took a leave of absence from GE to teach physics at the Constantinople Women's College in Turkey because she was not allowed to do electrical engineering work, was not earning the same salary and had a lower professional status as men doing the same work.[10] The next year, when she returned from Turkey, she was offered a job by GE as a salaried electrical engineer in the Central Station Engineering Department – the first professional female electrical engineer in the United States. She retired from General Electric in 1945.

The network, which was named Black Entertainment Television (BET), launched on January 25, 1980.[5] Cheryl D. Miller designed the logo that would represent the network, which featured a star to symbolize "Black Star Power".[6][7]

one of the first women to create, write, produce, and star in a long-running hit when she premiered her radio serial comedy-drama The Rise of the Goldbergs (1929); the name of the show was later changed to The Goldbergs; published a best-selling memoir, Molly and Me, in 1961; "The Goldbergs" was one of the first programs to eschew sound "effects" in favor of the real thing, like running water and frying bacon; wrote The Molly Goldberg Cookbook (1955); is considered by some to be the Mother of the Sitcom;

Developed molecular phylogeny of hexapods; warns of dangerous losses occurring in insect taxonomies; helped develop Susan & Peter J. Solomon Family Insectarium At the American Museum of Natural History in NYC

* In 1952 Mantell and Holdridge founded the company Caedmon Audio, the 1st major label to focus on spoken-word literature. * Their first issue was Dylan Thomas reading his "A Child's Christmas in Wales". * They continued to hire numerous actors such as Laurence Olivier & Vanessa Redgraves to read classic literature and poetry. * They also hired famous writers to read and interpret their own works: Collette, W.H. Auden, e.e.cummings, Frank Lloyd Wright.

contributed to the early research and development of networking and internetworking, first as a student and engineer, and later as a manager and executive; was instrumental in finalizing an OEM deal with Xerox to develop an XNS compatible LAN product; co-founded eight technology companies; worked with Vinton Cerf on the Transmission Control Protocol project at Stanford University in the 1970 where the team developed the specifications for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, also known as TCP/IP & her specific role within the research team was to help with the initial tests of the TCPs; investigated Ethernet technology, which connected computers in the local area together; at Zilog Corporation contributed to the design of the Z8 and Z8000 microprocessors; led the team that developed one of the first commercial local area network systems called Z-net; 1981, co-founded Bridge Communications with her husband (Bill Carrico who she later divorced) & they manufactured network routers, bridges, and communications servers; 1995 co-founded Precept Software, Inc., which developed networking software; 2000 co-founded Packet Design, LLC, (later JLABS LLC) a networking technology company; was CEO of Packet Design, LLC, until it was dissolved, distributing its assets to investors in late 2007; created JLABS, LLC, to pursue her interests in innovation and leadership; became the CEO of Evntlive, a tech company founded by her son David Carrico, in 2013

2014 invented NEKZ a scarf when her children refused to wear theirs & in 2017 Headlightz an LED rechargeable beanie to light outdoor activities; founded Roq Marketing Group 2009; 2022 launched a line of Headlightz baseball caps;

1986 founded Hugger Mugger Yoga Products in Salt Lake city, UT makers of yoga equipment; developed the 1st ever mat designed especially for yoga the Tapas Mat; designed & manufactured the 1st yoga shorts with thigh-hugging bands

at age 9 founded Leanna's Hair a line of oils, conditioners, and hairdressing based on her Haitian great-grandmother's all natural recipe for hair products; 2013 at age 17 started a charitable organization called the Leanna Archer Education Foundation, which provides poverty-stricken children in Haiti with food and education that now provides services to 200 Haitian children; founder & CEO of Leanna's Inc at age 16

at age 14 as a science fair project invented the Hot Seat a small pad with a sensor can be placed by parents under an infant’s booster or car seat & if the parent walks 20 feet away an alarm goes off to alert that there is an unattended child left in the vehicle; founder and CEO of the company Assila (her name spelled backwards); 2019 she announced a new invention, a baby bottle that stores water and dried formula separately, for mixing when needed (EasyFlo); 2019 CEO & founder of EasyFlo;

named the Hula hoop & introduced it to Wham-O & the US