Innovations

Reiche made the documentation preservation and public dissemination of the Nazca Lines her life's work; was instrumental in their designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Sit in 1994 & getting the Peruvian governemnt to help preserve them

"Wrote a textbook ""Science of Man's Environment-Principles of Science & Technology for Environment Marine Engineering & Ocean Science Technology "" 1986; helped develop job opportunities for minorities in marine science & oceanography established & operated Marine Science Technology program at Washington Technical Institute (later part of University of the District of Columbia); helped establish seminar ""Passing the Bar"" Testing Techniques enabling more minority students to pass the bar exam"

known for Aquatic radiochemistry using various biochemical indicators to interpret past events impacting marine estuarine & freshwater environments in the Arctic & coastal regions of Georgia Florida & Puerto Rico; founding CEO/Superintendent of Cirrus Academy a statewide STEAM (Science Technology Engineering Arts & Mathematics) charter school system in Georgia; life coach to minority students in STEM; participates in numerous diversity-focused initiatives in marine/oceanic academia to increase opportunities for minorities

with Bruce Heezen published first scientific map of the Atlantic Ocean floor in 1977; her cartography revealed a more detailed topography and multi-dimensional geographical landscape of the ocean bottom; her map of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge & its rift valley helped proved the theory of plate tectonics & continental drift; with Heezen produced the Bathymetric Globe; 1957 with Heezen published 1st physiographic map of the North Atlantic; 1961 published map of the South Atlantic Ocean; 1964 published map of the Indian Ocean

played a key role in creating the first GIS data model for the oceans

One of the early researchers at what is now The Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Essenberg authored the Quantitative Studies On Inshore Marine Diatoms And Dinoflagellates Of Southern California In 1920, And Stylarioides Papillosa Sp. Nov., A New Annelid From The San Diego Region. Opened The American School for Girls in Damascus Syria 1925; published "Description of Some NewSpecies of Polynoidae From the Coast of California" a 28 page paper in 1917; published "The Factors of some New Species of Polynoidae From the Coast of California" a 146 page paper in 1918

1998 co-founded the environmental public charity, Matter of Trust (MofT), with her husband Patrice Gautier (VP at Apple, Inc); 2000 started Hair Matters Program which collects and felts hair clippings into mats for oil spills and soil remediation; started TheHumSum.org, an environmental social media platform for Humanity Adding Solutions; started Eco-Industrial Hub, a working model factory with delightfully empowering and educational exhibits about clean air, water, energy, and ideal product materials; opened a Matter of Trust Eco-Center (2013) for field trips and roundtables; 1 of the co-founders of the Global Compost Project (2014); has written The Key in the Sea (2010) & The Prize in the Skies (2011); has written a children's book titled THE KEY IN THE SEA A PIPPEROOS SEA PLAY;

Her achievement is a milestone primarily because of why she won: for providing “the first comprehensive account of women’s earnings and labour market participation through the centuries.” The award represents formal (and overdue) recognition that gender equity is key to understanding how economies can flourish.

On October 9, 2013, Yellen was officially nominated to replace Bernanke as chair of the Federal Reserve, the first vice chair ever to be elevated to that post. While announcing his decision, President Obama called her "one of the nation's foremost economists and policymakers" and said that "America's workers and their families will have a champion in Janet Yellen." During the nomination hearings held in November, Yellen defended the more than $3 trillion in stimulus funds that the central bank had been injecting into the U.S. economy. She also said that it is important for the Fed to try to detect asset bubbles and that if she saw one, she would work to address it.

with Abhijit Banerjee & Michael Kremer won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences; with Banerjee, Sendhil Mullainathan & Rachel Glennerster founded MIT's Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) in 2003 which is a global network of antipoverty researchers that conducts field experiments facilitating work across the world & examines which kinds of local interventions have the greates impact on social problems using randomization of testing; 2016 helped create MITx MicroMasters program in Data, Economics & Developmental Policy; founding editor of the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics; editor of The American Economic Review, co-editor of The Review of Economics & Statistics, & The Journal of Developmental Economics; writes a monthly column for Liberation, a French daily newspaper; searches for practical solutions to small problems in specific areas rather than looking for one-size-fits-all solutions to globl questions; has determined it is impossible to generalize on the basis of a specific, place-based experiment

Ostrom's law is an adage that represents how Elinor Ostrom's works in economics challenge previous theoretical frameworks and assumptions about property, especially the commons. Ostrom's detailed analyses of functional examples of the commons create an alternative view of the arrangement of resources that are both practically and theoretically possible. This eponymous law is stated succinctly by Lee Anne Fennell as: A resource arrangement that works in practice can work in theory.[44]

1980 founded the First Nations Development Institute; 1986 served as an adviser on rural development for the United Nations (UN) during their Decade of Women; adviser for the UN's International Labor Organization International Indigenous Rights from 1988 to 1989; 1992, she became an adviser for the Catholic Conference's Campaign for Human Development; served on the President's Council on Sustainable Development/Sustainable Communities Task Force; h work led to the first microloan fund in the United States associated with a reservation, the first tribal investment model. This was a national movement for reservation land reform, and legislation on federal trust responsibility for Native Americans; international work created the Lumba Aboriginal Community Foundation in Australia enabling the Sans Tribe to secure its traditional homelands in Botswana, Namibia, and southern Africa; launched a strategy (that includes Alcoa, Texaco, Rio Tinto, Merck, Ford, and Occidental) with investment criteria that protect the rights of indigenous peoples and has been adopted by a mutual fund, an index fund, and investment advisors; established a scholarship program for native people at the Yale School of Organization and Management and at the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota; convinced the World Bank to create the First Global Indigenous Peoples' Facility Fund to make small building grants; founding member of Native Americans in Philanthropy, Funders Who Fund Native Americans, and International Funders for Indigenous Peoples; one of the key leaders of the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) movement; co-author the award-winning book “The Color of Wealth: the Story Behind the US Racial Wealth Divide”; founded Oweesta Corporation, Indian Land Tenure Foundation, and North American Native Bankers Association; co-founded Association for Enterprise Opportunity which led the microenterprise movement in the United States, and then created Oweesta (1984); 2015 she has established four Shareholder Advocacy Leadership Training Centers located in Argentina, Mexico and Canada; established a Masters in Public and Private Administration (MPPA) scholarship program for Native People at the Yale School of Organization and Management and an MBA scholarship at the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management;

made popular the Christmas tree, the white wedding dress and the Thanksgiving dinner of turkey, stuffing and pumpkin pie; influenced American fashion and taste as long-time editor of Godey’s Lady’s Book, the biggest women’s magazine before the Civil War; wrote the poem Mary Had a Little Lamb and dozens of books; helped with the founding of Vassar College, the restoration of Mount Vernon and the completion of the Bunker Hill Monument; 1823 published a collection of her poems titled The Genius of Oblivion; 1827 her first novel was published in the U.S. under the title Northwood: Life North and South and in London under the title A New England Tale; her collection Poems for Our Children, which includes "Mary Had a Little Lamb" (originally titled "Mary's Lamb"), was published in 1830; founded the Seaman's Aid Society in 1833 to assist the surviving families of Boston sailors who died at sea; Louis Antoine Godey of Philadelphia bought the Ladies' Magazine, now renamed American Ladies' Magazine & merged it with his magazine, Godey's Lady's Book & she became editor in 1837; beginning in the 1840s, she also edited several issues of the annual gift book The Opal; in her role as editor from 1852 she created a section headed "Employment for Women" discussing women's attempts to enter the workforce; wrote several editions of Woman's Record: Sketches of All Distinguished Women, from the Creation to A.D. 1854 (1855) it had 2500 entries that made an encyclopedic effort to put women at the center of world history; 1834–36 edited the Juvenile Miscellany magazine for children; founded a private school when she was 18; wrote & published Traits of American Life (1835) and Sketches of American Character (1838); wrote her autobiography titled The Ladies‟ Wreath of 1837; 1835 published a book of short stories entitled Traits of American Life; also wrote cookbooks, such as The Good Housekeeper, or The Way to Live Well and to Be Well While We Live; 1852 she introduced the word "lingerie" as a euphemism for undergarments; 1853 published Liberia, which proposed repatriation of enslaved people to Africa; established an Infant's School, or kindergarten, to include her youngest son;

founded Hartford Female Seminary with her sister Mary 1823 using funds left her by her fiance & taught there until 1832; school offered a full range of subjects not just fine arts & languages as other women's schools; was an advocate for physical education for women & developed a program of calisthenics set to music she used in her schools; 1831 founded Western Female Institute in Cincinnati, school closed after 2 years due to her poor health; worked on McGuffey Readers the 1st nationally-adopted textbooks for elementary students; wrote "A Treatise on domestic Economy" in 1841, "The duty of American Women to their country" in 1845, &"The Domestic Receipt Book" in 1846; 1852 founded American Women's Educational Association; wrote textbooks used in her schools on various topics including some elementary math books, a book on theology, & one on mental & moral philosophy; founded Ladies' society for Promoting Education in the West to train & provide teachers for the Western US; 1847 with William Slade founded the Board of National Popular Education

1937 with the help of NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall sued Calvert County Board of Education for equal pay for teachers of all races & resulted in Maryland Teachers' Pay Equalization Act established in 1941

her innovations included creating a curriculum that became the model for community colleges statewide, created public-private partnerships to enhance student experience, & programs that allowed students to graduate high school with a diploma & associate's degree; founder & principal of The Dukes Group LLC specializing in executive coaching, board development, strategy, equity & inclusion, & advocacy

Coming from humble beginnings in a small blacksmith's cabin, Brown decided to found a school of her own in Sedalia, NC. She raised money and eventually obtained 200 acres and constructed two new buildings for her campus. The school, named the Palmer Memorial Institute in honor of Alice Freeman Palmer, opened on October 10, 1902. It started out as a day and boarding school for African Americans, and was one of the only schools in North Carolina to offer college preparatory programs. By the 1920s, the Palmer Memorial Institute was an established and successful boarding school attracting students from around the country, many of whom went on to become educators. She continued to run the school until her retirement in 1952, working tirelessly to create a safe haven for African American youth. The restored campus buildings of the Palmer Memorial Institute are now the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum, linking Brown and Palmer Memorial Institute to the larger themes of African American women, education, and social history, with an emphasis on the contributions made by African American citizens to education in North Carolina.

Bowe founded LINGO, an education technology company in 2022. The company makes projects-based activities for kids. The activities are available in the form of kits including coding kit that teaches hardware and software design. The lessons are self-paced. The first kit was called "In the Driver’s Seat" which taught kids to create and code a back-up sensor for an autonomous car. The company provides kits to children in over 10 countries.

In 2018 Rhodes founded Black Girls Mathgic (BGM). BGM is a movement dedicated to increasing math confidence, awareness, enthusiasm, identity, fluency and persistence in children, with a focus on girls and black children. BGM’s flagship products are the Black Girl MATHgic Monthly Box and The MATHgic Prince Quarterly Box, the first and only subscription boxes designed to increase math confidence and decrease math anxiety in children on a 3rd-8th grade math level.

In 1831 Crandall purchased the Elisha Payne house, with her sister Almira Crandall, to establish the Canterbury Female Boarding School. With the help of her sister and a maid, she taught about forty children in different subjects including geography, history, grammar, arithmetic, reading, and writing. The school flourished until September 1832, when Sarah Harris, the daughter of a free African-American farmer near Canterbury, asked to be accepted to the school to prepare for teaching other African Americans. Although Crandall was uncertain about whether to admit Harris, whom she liked, she consulted her Bible; she then admitted the girl. With this, Crandell establishing the first integrated school in the United States.

Malcom was amazed at the lack of the minorities and women in her classes and faculty members while in college. Because of this experience, she decided to take action by becoming the program manager for the Minority Institutions Science Improvement Program at the National Science Foundation in 1977. The program provided federal funding to Historically Black Colleges and Universities for improved equipment and facilities as well as higher salaries for the faculty. Malcom is considered a pioneer in the field of diversity in STEM education.

In 1912, Gordon Low and Baden-Powell took a trip to the United States to spread the scouting movement. She hoped to bring it to her hometown, Savannah, to help girls learn practical skills and build character.[47] When she arrived, she called her cousin Nina Pape, a local educator, saying, "I've got something for the girls of Savannah, and all America, and all the world, and we're going to start it tonight."[41] Soon after, in March 1912, Juliette formed the first two American Girl Guides patrols, registering 18 girls.[48] The early growth of the movement in the United States was due to Gordon Low's extensive social connections and early work to recruit new members and leaders, among them her family and friends.[

In her high school classroom, Castillo introduced a check-in chart for her students. When using the check-in chart, students are encouraged to grab a post-it, write their name on the back and place it next to the statement that best matches their feelings for the day. The options are, "I'm great," "I'm okay," "I'm meh," "I'm struggling," "I'm having a hard time and wouldn't mind a check-in" or "I'm in a really dark place." The last two statements merit a check-in with Castillo and a follow-up conversation with the counselor or the school psychologist on campus. Castillo feels that mental health should be given the same amount of care and consideration as physical health. Using this chart she wants to educate America’s youth about the dangers of ignoring their mental health. Advocates for checking in with students & paying attention to the whole child before trying to access academics. Has set up an "affirmation station" where students can acknowledge accomplishments of their peers & a "shredding station" where students can shred their negative thoughts. A free copy of her poster chart is available at: teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Mental-Health-Check-In-Poster-4435675

investigates the use of robots for lunar & planetary exploration; 1979 founder Agogino Engineering; developed sensor robots & dronesthat help protect 1st responders during emergencies & disasters

invented a globe mount that illustrated the path of the sun & the various durations of day, night & twilight around the globe & throughout the year known as the Fitz Globe;

24th Principal Chief of the federally recognized Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1995-1999) first woman to be elected to this office, and as of 2024 the only one; worked to restructure the government and adopt more financial controls for the tribe; established a cultural division in tribal government, working on "cultural heritage issues such as language, repatriation, museum exhibit, and education." (Wikipedia); initiated programs to try to reduce the Cherokees' high rate of diabetes; with B. Lynne Harlan, wrote a book, The Cherokee (2002), which describes the history and cultural practices of her tribe

most significant contributions to archaeology came from her skills as a strategist and analyst; the excavation of more than 280 graves near Halai allowed her to establish a clear chronology for the style of terracotta figures in the area; her brief excavation in Colophon revealed some of the earliest known Greek houses, a drainage system of terracotta pipes below the ancient streets, and a tomb with pottery of a late-Minoan design; her Tarsus excavation uncovered a miniature crystal statue of a fine and unusual Hittite design, as well as bilingual treaties and seals that demonstrated the history of the city’s rulers and written language; 1936 first woman to be appointed to the Institute for Advanced Study as a professor;

In 1984 Baum was named dean of Pratt Institute's School of Engineering in New York, a distinctive role because it made her the first woman dean of an engineering school in the United States. Three years later, she became dean of the Albert Nerken School of Engineering at Cooper Union, and is now dean emeritus.

Founder AARP & NRTA; as an educator set high academic standards & established innovative community-involvement programs to develop students' character & skills while breaking down cultural barriers between them; offered nigh-school programs for parents; worked to develop affordable group health insurance policy for members, was turned down by 42 insurers before finding a company willing to take the risk of insuring older adults; AARP offered affordable insurance 7 years before Medicare was established; founded Institute of Lifetime Learning

2020 co-founder and CEO of Eldera, mentors across the United States matched with mentees by Eldera, an online platform that uses an AI algorithm to pair adults who are at least 60 with young people ages 5-18 for regular video chats; 2017 Founder INNRwisdom based on looking for wisdom among elder adults and its mission is to find it, gather it, and make it accessible to future generations with the help of AI; 2019 became the Director of AI Commons, brings together diverse global voices to address the world's grandest challenges with Artificial Intelligence;

PhD in Physics related field; researched molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) effects on strained material & low-dimensional systems (LDS)

2011 founder & CEO of littleBits Electronics in NYC with the goa; pf putting the power of electronics in the hands of everyone & to break down complex techs so anyone can build, prototype, & invent; co-founder of Daleel Thawra a directory or protests, initiatives & donations in Lebanon; co-founder of Open Hardware Summit an annual conference organized by the Open Source Hardware Association

* Hopkins worked in research at American Cyanamid and later at the Polaroid Corp Emulsion Coating and Analysis Laboratory. * In later years she worked as an attorney with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP).

Founder of The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX 2003) a research organization devoted to understanding how environmental exposures to endocrine disruptors interfere with development and health; an environmental health analyst, and best known for her studies on the health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Professor Emerita of Zoology University of Florida; established and directed the Wildlife and Contaminants Program at World Wildlife Fund, US;1991, as a fellow of the W. Alton Jones Foundation, she brought a group of 21 scientists with diverse backgrounds together, to attend the first of a series of conferences at Racine, Wisconsin, that became known simply as "Wingspread", about the effects of human exposure to hormone-disrupting chemicals examined in the environment; published and lectured extensively on the consequences of prenatal exposure to synthetic chemicals by the developing embryo and fetus in wildlife, laboratory animals, and humans; contributed to a two-year study of the Great Lakes drainage basin; 1991, published a study about the reproductive challenges faced by bald eagles living in the Great Lakes region; with developmental biologist Frederick S. vom Saal and cell biologist Ana M. Soto coined the term endocrine disruptor in a paper "Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans," published in 1993; 1996 coauthored a book with environmental journalist Dianne Dumanoski and environmental health scientist John Peterson Myers titled "Our Stolen Future: Are We Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival? A Scientific Detective Story" which spurred the US Congress to pass two acts that led to the creation of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program, a program led by the Environmental Protection Agency in Washington D.C. to test new chemicals for their possible effects on endocrine systems

* Lewis studied gonadogenesis, the development of the gonads in prenatal development of the reproductive system. * Gonads ultimately form the testicles in males and the ovaries in females. * Having studied zoology, she did much of her research on the cellular differentiation in ducks.

Lloyd's research focused on fertility and the relationship of sex hormones to growth & the female sex cycle of monkeys.

co-inventor of Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron (EZVI) an environmentally safe cleanup technology for chloridated solvent contamination of groundwater (works by injecting EZVI into the contaminated groundwater & soil & it acts like a sponge pulling the contamination into the emullsion where it breaks down into harmless byproducts; aditional remediation methods co-created are AMTS & SPEARS used for removal of cancer-causing PCBs in material soils & sediments; part of project Mass Specrometer Observing Lunar Operations (MSolo) which looks for water on the moon

* In 1952, Ross helped found Lockheed's Advanced Development Program, known as Skunk Works. * The work done by Ross and her team for the Skunk Works project was highly confidential, and even now, most of the specifics are still classified. * It is known that Ross's work on the Skunk Works project involved "preliminary design concepts for interplanetary space travel, crewed and uncrewed earth-orbiting flights, the earliest studies of orbiting satellites for both defense and civilian purposes."

founder & CEO NAVSYS which develops advanced positioning, navigation & timing solutions mainly for defense contractors; helped develop Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS); worked on emergency location system under FHWA/CDOT & Mayday Program; is considered an expert on GPS Technology; fielded the 1st GPS cellular emergency location system; developed a digital beam-steering software reprogrammable GPS receiver for high accuracy commercial & military applications; pioneered Software Defined Receiver (SDR) positioning, navigation & timing technolgy; Director of Salida Business Incubator (2014); Director Tri-Lakes Business Incubator (2008); creator of NAE webinar "Bridging the Rural Divide Through Space;" launched tech to protect military GPS programs from getting jammed

Over twenty years experience in software design verification and validation of medical devices; proven experience in designing project test strategies, leading integration test efforts, coordinating project plans across disciplines, maintaining project related data, and analyzing test results for future enhancements