Innovations

In 1997, Sweeney conducted her first re-identification experiment wherein she successfully identified the then Governor of Massachusetts, Bill Weld, to his medical records using publicly accessible records. Her results had a significant impact on privacy centered policy making including the health privacy legislation Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). However publication of the experiment was rejected twenty times. The several re-identification experiments she conducted after this were met with serious publication challenges as well. In 1998 Sweeney and her colleague Pierangela Samarati introduced k-anonymity, as it relates to a property possessed by certain anonymized data. A release of data is said to have the k-anonymity property if the information for each person contained in the release cannot be distinguished from at least k - 1 individuals whose information also appear in the release. In that same year Sweeney published a now famous example about data de-anonymization, demonstrating that a medical dataset that was in the public domain, can be used to identify individuals, regardless the removal of all explicit identifiers, when the medical dataset was combined with a public voter list. Sweeney found that 87% of the US population in a censorship dataset, can be identified by combining data attributes which are known as quasi-identifiers.

In 2001, Sweeney founded the Data Privacy Lab at Carnegie Mellon University. This program is dedicated to teaching and research in areas related to privacy technology. Some of the projects currently underway in the Data Privacy Lab at Harvard School are related to re-identification, discrimination in online ads, privacy-enhanced linking, fingerprint capture, genomic privacy and complex-care patients. The Data Privacy Lab at The University of North Carolina at Charlotte conducts research in various areas like privacy preserving data mining, privacy issues in social networks, privacy aware database generation for software testing and privacy and anonymity in data integration and dissemination.

Boccafuso's primary research focus is designing and developing new socially assistive robots to improve therapeutic outcomes in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Her work also includes exploring novel, sensor-based techniques that advance the utility, safety and acceptance of robots working in close proximity to humans. Laura’s current research features the use of robust robots in free play contexts to autonomously measure differences in emotion response and emotion recognition in toddlers with ASD, validating a new technique for remotely detecting subtle affective state changes to improve the adaptivity of a socially assistive robot and examining the efficacy of novel human-robot interaction design to improve social skills in school-aged children.

During her work programming the ENIAC, Antonelli is credited with the invention of the subroutine. Together with her Eniac colleagues, she developed subroutines, nesting & other fundamental programming techniques & invented the discipline of programming digital computers. She was one of the operators on the Los Alamos nuclear calculations. Antonelli led the group of programmers who converted ENIAC into a stored program computer by March 1948.

Bartik and other human computers had been manually calculating trajectories for the army at the start of World War II. When the Electronic Numeric Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was developed, these calculations could be done by the new electronic computer. Bartik applied to become part of the project and was selected to be one of its first programmers along with five other women (Betty Holberton, Marlyn Wescoff, Kathleen McNulty, Ruth Teitelbaum, and Frances Spence). They were known as the "Sensational Six." While the six women worked on ENIAC, they developed subroutines, nesting, and other fundamental programming techniques, and arguably invented the discipline of programming digital computers.

Holberton invented breakpoints in computer debugging. She was one of those who wrote the first generative programming system (SORT/MERGE). Holberton used a deck of playing cards to develop the decision tree for the binary sort function, and wrote the code to employ a group of ten tape drives to read and write data as needed during the process.

Along with Marlyn Meltzer, Teitelbaum was part of a special area of the ENIAC project to calculate ballistic trajectory equations using analog technology. They taught themselves and others certain functions of the ENIAC and helped prepare the ballistics software.

Astigarraga was offered a internship with IBM Systems Group. Her internship work at IBM gave her perspective in STEM and sparked her software engineering journey. Astigarraga is an Architect/Developer currently working in IBM Watson Research. She has designed and built one of the first Enterprise Blockchain Solution Implementations. Astigarraga is also an IBM Master Inventor with over 84 patents filed. She is passionate about mentoring youth for STEM K-12 outreach.

Her research paper, Tell Me More: Designing HRI to Encourage More Trust, Disclosure, and Companionship (2016) found that vulnerability and expressivity may improve peoples' relationships with robots. In this study, Nneji and her team engaged high school students with robots with low/high vulnerability and low/high expressivity in a learning activity. They found that students were more trusting of vulnerable robots and more communicative with expressive robots. She has also done further research in robotics automation human-centered design & autonomous transportation; founded AKALAKA an information education & support group for people caring for siblings; 2020 co-founded (with her sister) & Director of The Monica Chibuogu Nneji Foundation-a nonprofit that alleviates poverty through health equity educational advice & community empowerment

Cultural competence & DEI (diversity, equity, & inclusion) are main focuses of her research. focuses on identity & cultural competence in computing; developed Computer Science Attitude & Identity Survey to measure the impact of ethnic identity on student attitudes toward & pursuit & persistence in computer science. Author of The Computer Science Attitude and Identity Survey (CSAIS): A Novel Tool for Measuring the Impact of Ethnic Identity in Underrepresented Computer Science Students.

She was a long-time executive, usability leader and key spokesperson for Google (employee No. 20).[5][6][7] Mayer later co-founded Sunshine, a startup technology company.[8]

She has also directed Tennessee State's Project MISET (Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technology)

Parker is a leading researcher on the interdisciplinary study of human computer interaction (HCI) and personal health information. She designs and evaluates the impact of computer software tools that help people manage their health & wellness through technology. Together with colleagues she developed OrderUP!, a game created to help people make smart choices when ordering food. She has also researched the role of digital fitness trackers and their impact on motivation, and behavioral change.

* Rattner is executive director of the US-based Biomimicry Institute, which works to find a natural way of getting waste polyester and nylon to quickly decompose * One approach is how to break down these complicated materials in a way that actually gets rid of the toxic effects of dyes and coating * Use of biological materials, whether enzymes or bacteria, to create new materials from the synthetic materials * Aim is to take the existing mountains of clothing waste and turn them into something that's biocompatible.

early 1920s wrote "Martin Talbot of North Dakota is Walking Florida Now" a ballad about the death of a 22-year-old vagrant beaten to death ion a labor camp which eventually led to a law banning convict leasing in florida; with her friend Elizabeth Virrick, helped pass a law requiring all homes in Miami to have toilets & bathtubs after learning there was no running water or sewer hook-ups in the racially segregated part of Coconut Grove; 1969 founded Friends of the Everglades to protest the construction of a jetport in the Big Cypress portion of the Everglades; co-founder of the Friends of the Miami-Dade Public Libraries with Helen Muir; engaged in charitable work to improve society such as campaigns against slum lords & to improve housing conditions, free milk for babies whose parents needed aid & ratification of the Women's Suffrage Amendment

corset maker; created more 10 corset designs with 19 related to improving the comfortability of corsets for women by adjusting the mechanical design;

In 2002 Silva invented Beautyblender, a make-up application sponge that replicates airbrushing without cumbersome equipment. It was created as a tool to avoid the hassle of having to use an airbrush to apply foundation on set. She created a simple prototype in 2002 so she could capitalize on the product, at first catering the product to industry professionals, such as make-up artists. In 2008, Silva began selling direct to consumers.

In 1935 Cochran founded her cosmetic line, Wings to Beauty, marketing products meant for a more active woman who wanted to have adventures but also look polished while doing so. The brand's use of "wings to beauty" and claim that a full beauty routine takes just a few minutes a day suggest that it was a brand intended for the busy go-getter. She considered her most successful cream, Flowing Velvet. It was possibly the first moisturizer on the market intended to replenish the skin in high altitudes and extreme travel distances - i.e. long flights. It was introduced around 1942 and the line expanded in the '50s to include face powder and lipstick.

1942 worked at Standard Oil Development Company designing fuels for airplanes during World War II; 1948 she & Alfred Berg established Hazel Bishop, Inc. to manufacture "No Smear Lipstick" a long-lasting lipstick she invented; after losing her company she became a consultant to the National Association of Leather Glove Manufacturers and developed "Leather Lav," a leather glove cleaner then founded H.B. Laboratories, Inc. to produce additional leather products*also developed a foot care product marketed by H.G.B. Products Corporation and in 1957 created a solid perfume stick called Perfemme;designing fuels and discovered the cause of deposits affecting superchargers of aircraft engines;1930s developed a pimple concealer and mentholated tissues which never went to market

Established Florida Drug Court the 1st Drug court & now a national model for the program; pioneered the "Miami Method" as a technique for eliciting intimate details from young child abuse victims & inspired the passage of a law allowing them to testify by closed-circuit TV

"Created 20 dollhouse-sized dioramas depicting murders suicides & accidental deaths called ""Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Deaths"" used to train homicide investigators 19 are still used for training purposes by the Maryland Office of the Chief Medical Examiner; the Nutshells depict composites of actual challenging cases; considered the mother or grandmother of modern forensics "

American cryptanalyst and author who deciphered enemy codes in both World Wars and helped to solve international smuggling cases during Prohibition. Over the course of her career, she worked for the United States Treasury, Coast Guard, Navy and Army, and the International Monetary Fund.[3] She has been called "America's first female cryptanalyst".[4][5][6][2]

main achievement was the Blum-Goldwasser & Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystems; 2016 co-founder and chief scientist of Duality Technologies; research areas include computational complexity theory, cryptography and computational number theory; co-inventor of probabilistic encryption, which set up and achieved the gold standard for security for data encryption; co-inventor of zero-knowledge proofs, which probabilistically and interactively demonstrate the validity of an assertion without conveying any additional knowledge, and are a key tool in the design of cryptographic protocols; her work in number theory includes the invention with Joe Kilian of primality proving using elliptic curves; is a lead on Project CETI, an interdisciplinary initiative for translating the communication of sperm whales; inventor of several revolutionary cryptographic technologies including probabilistic encryption, multi-party secure protocols, and pseudo-random function;

co-designed CompUrest, a computer accessory designed to support the user’s arms, elbows, and shoulders, as well as fingers, hands, and wrists; 1984 established Computer Underground Railroad Enterprises (CURE) to sell her armrest; has co-authored and published seven books covering topics like: Medical cannabis and holistic healing; Climate change and free energy; Systemic injustice and environmental racism; helped organize the Million Marijuana March in Los Angeles (1999)

Spearheads the IBM Academy of Technology STEM program ( an outreach program); holds 264 patents in security, system management, IoT, mobile, aircraft & other topics

held 5 patents for milking/dairy industry; 1st patent was for an improved method of treating milk to produce pomade & butter ; next 2 patents were for an improved milk separator & improved milk cooler (latter was reissued in 1871 with improvements to the design; last & most significant was for the Hygienic Glove Milker in 1879, the 1st suction milking machine

"2017 co-founded (with Lucas Mason-Brown a mathematician) & CEO of D4BL (Data for Black Lives)-a company that connects data scientists with community activists/changemakers in an attempt to create social change by using data; 2013 researched high infant mortality rate among black infants at Miami's Jackson Hospital used data to determine it was linked to the aggressive pushing of formula instead of breast feeding data was compelling & forced hospital to announce changes in policy; working on compiling a nationwide database of technologies used by police departments; worked on ""Telling It Like It Is: Miami Youth Speak Out On The School to Prison Pipeline""comic book in response to police violence at her high school;"

* Barzilay developed an AI-based system capable of predicting the likelihood of breast cancer up to five years in advance * Leverages deep learning techniques to analyze mammograms and diagnostic notes, surpassing traditional pattern recognition by human radiologists * This breakthrough, while still in development, has the potential to significantly enhance early diagnosis and treatment outcomes for breast cancer.

* Barzilay was member of the team that discovered halicin, the first new antibiotic compound for 30 years * The discovery was made using deep learning, a subset of machine learning methods based on neural networks with representation learning * The adjective "deep" refers to the use of multiple layers in the network.

Full-time librarian of British Dental Association 1920-46 (continued to be advisor until her death) & turned it into the most prominent thorough & extensive dental library in the world

Designed interiors for automobiles ambulances & hearses; designed jewelry silver flatware fashion accessories furniture stained glass windows; holds 1 patent under H.A. Rother

* Crane designed the 1st home pregnancy test in 1967. * Using a paper clip holder, test tube, mirror, and dropper to create her prototype, she presented the results to Organon executives who originally rejected her idea. * By 1972 pregnancy tests were available in a Canadian test market, by 1977 on the US market. * Although her name was on the patent she didn't receive recognition for her design until after a New York Times article in 2012 didn't credit her; she wrote to the author and was then given credit for this innovation for the 1st time.

* Daubechies’ research involves the use of automatic methods from both mathematics, technology, and biology to extract information from samples such as bones and teeth * Construction of compactly supported continuous wavelets that would require only a finite amount of processing * With this, enabling wavelet theory to enter the realm of digital signal processing *Developed image processing technology used to establish the age & authenticity of some of the world's most famous works of art * Worked on the team restoring the Ghent Altarpiece by Hubert & Jan van Eyck * Used machine-learning algorithms to separate features in art restoration.

documented the construction of factories & skyscrapers in the late 1920s; spent years traveling the globe & documenting events from WWII including the liberation of buchenwald, the partitioning of India & Pakistan; photos of Gandhi 6 hours before his assassination, the Korean War, the rural south during the depression, the Dust Bowl Era, south African Apartheid & famous & ordinary people for Fortune & Life magazines; held numerous exhibitions of her photos; published approximately 11 books with 3 collaborations with Erskine Caldwell; first foreign photographer allowed to photograph pictures of Soviet industry; first female photographer at Life magazine & took its 1st cover photograph; 1st female allowed to work in combat zones in WWII; took iconic photos documenting important moments in history; her style was known as Perfectionism

co- founded The Seeing Eye, with Morris Frank, the first dog guide school for the blind in the United States in Nashville TN in 1929; credited with helping to change public attitudes toward the disabled and contributing to the disability rights movement that began in the 1970s; she & 1st husband Walter Wood established an experimental farm for breeding dairy cattle to improve milk production in Hoosick Falls NY with the help of the US Dept of Agriculture in 1906 & continued to run it for 2 years after his death in 1915; 1929-33 was President of L'Oeil Qui Voit a Swiss training school for dogs & instructors

developed a scientific system for cutting & assembling well-fitting women's clothing; 1886 founded Boston Dress-Fitting College; patented a dress shirt; 1902 wrote "Scientific dress cutting and making, "The Harriet A. Brown system," simplified and improved; directions for its use"

Reiche made the documentation preservation and public dissemination of the Nazca Lines her life's work; was instrumental in their designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Sit in 1994 & getting the Peruvian governemnt to help preserve them

"Wrote a textbook ""Science of Man's Environment-Principles of Science & Technology for Environment Marine Engineering & Ocean Science Technology "" 1986; helped develop job opportunities for minorities in marine science & oceanography established & operated Marine Science Technology program at Washington Technical Institute (later part of University of the District of Columbia); helped establish seminar ""Passing the Bar"" Testing Techniques enabling more minority students to pass the bar exam"

known for Aquatic radiochemistry using various biochemical indicators to interpret past events impacting marine estuarine & freshwater environments in the Arctic & coastal regions of Georgia Florida & Puerto Rico; founding CEO/Superintendent of Cirrus Academy a statewide STEAM (Science Technology Engineering Arts & Mathematics) charter school system in Georgia; life coach to minority students in STEM; participates in numerous diversity-focused initiatives in marine/oceanic academia to increase opportunities for minorities

played a key role in creating the first GIS data model for the oceans