Innovations

founded the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) and the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ); after the death of her father in 1904 she dedicated her life to preserving the wild flora and fauna of California and the West Coast; through an anonymous donation, established in 1920 the Folklore Foundation at Vassar College; funded & went on numerous fossil collecting expeditions & amassed a large collection of fossils & exotic game animals she later donated to the museums she founded

introduced high fashion to the masses; never patented her dress patterns; received patents (not located) for elevator shaft floor and dress improvements such as the Imperial Dress Elevator, a method of raising a long skirt while walking; widely credited for inventing mass-produced tissue-paper dressmaking patterns but never applied for a patent; developed a cheap hoopskirt and a new line of corsets, cosmetics, and other products; created the "Excelsior Dress Model" drafting system that was a mathematical system to print various sizes onto one pattern; 1845 founded Demorest Sewing Machine Co (later Lycoming Engines & now a division of Textron) to manufacture sewing machines & later aviation engines; 1872 with Susan King established the Women's Tea Company to import tea to be sold by gentlewomen; published Demorest's Monthly under various names from 1860 to 1899

She is credited with creating super-short babydoll nighties in the early 1940s as a response to fabric shortages during World War II, although she hated the term "baby doll" and refused to use it.[3] One of her most famous innovations was the easily removable toga-inspired négligée specially designed for women who slept in the nude.[3] She used the toga theme throughout her career,

* Cobb posited in this paper that women in science face various "filters" that can discourage their participation and advancement in scientific fields, including cultural, social, and institutional barriers. * Many of the policies and programs Cobb initiated during her administrative careers were described here. * Cobb's insistence on providing resources and programs to increase minority representation at her colleges of employment define her legacy outside of the laboratory.

Invented Apparatus for holding yarn skeins

1st woman (with her sister Victoria Woodhull) to open a brokerage house on Wall St. 1870

American businesswoman. She currently serves as the President and CEO of Nasdaq, Inc.[1] She was formerly a managing director and CFO of The Carlyle Group. Initially joining Nasdaq in 1993, she returned to Nasdaq from Carlyle in May 2014 as President of Global Corporate and information technology solutions.[2][3] She was named the CEO of Nasdaq in January 2017, the first woman to lead a global exchange.

"businesswoman and financier known as ""the richest woman in America"" during the Gilded Age. Willingness to lend freely and at reasonable interest rates to financiers and city governments during financial panics."

While in the French government implemented several liberal practices including liberalizing the labor market lowering estate taxes & an austerity plan for public services; in 2011 while at the IMF a French court convicted her of negligence in allowing the misuse of public funds but imposed no sentence

In 1967, Siebert founded her own eponymous firm, Muriel Siebert & Co., Inc., beginning by doing research for institutions, and buying and selling financial analyses. That same year, she applied for a seat on the New York Stock Exchange. Of the first ten investors she asked to sponsor her application, nine refused her.

first African American woman to charter a bank and the first African American woman to serve as a bank president.

"first African American woman to charter a bank and serve as a bank president; her bank survived the Great Depression by merging with 2 other Black-owned banks in 1930 & becoming the Consolidated Bank & Trust Company; bought by Abigail Adams National Bankcorp, Inc 2005 & again purchased, & became, Premier Bank in 2011; founded the Juvenile Branch of the Independent Order of St. Luke's to instill a sense of community consciousness & confidence in young African-Americans by stressing the importance of education & community service; founded St. Luke Herald in 1902; founded St. Luke Emporium in 1905, closed 1911;"

She & her sister opened the 1st stock brokerage firm run by women on Wall St; published several newspapers espousing progressive views; advocate for free love, eugenics, sex education, suffrage, & pre-natal care & education

1st Latina to serve as U.S. treasurer (1971-74) appointed by President Nixon; 1947 founder Ramona's Mexican Food Products, Inc a multimillion dollar business headquartered in Gardena California; 1963 co-founder & president of Pan American National Bank in East Los Angeles

Suffragist; with sister, Victoria Woodhull, 1st woman to open a Wall St brokerage firm in 1870; also with sister Victoria started the radical newspaper "Woodhull & Claflin's Weekly" which advocated free love & the 1st paper in America to print "The Communist Manifesto" by Karl Marx; 1871 ran for New York's 8th Congressional District; was elected Colonel of the 85th Regiment for Black Soldiers; 1901 founded Lady Cook & Company Bank in London

developed ECO CAMPS on YWCA property

founded four organizations to protect the Truckee River in Truckee CA; has worked to restore local habitats including marshland and streams; founding board member of the Truckee River Watershed Council and the Tahoe Truckee Community Foundation; spearheaded the incorporation of Truckee 1993;

Pickford, one of the most famous actors during the silent film era, renegotiated her contract in 1916 to receive an unprecedented $1,000 per week and 25 percent of her film’s profits. She was a significant figure in the development of film acting and one of the earliest stars to be billed under her own name. Pickford was one of the most popular actresses of the 1910s and 1920s, earning the nickname "Queen of the Movies". She is credited with having defined the ingénue type in cinema.

Adams took responsibility for the family's financial matters, including investments. Her investments made through her uncle Cotton Tufts in debt instruments issued to finance the Revolutionary War were rewarded after Alexander Hamilton's First Report on the Public Credit endorsed full federal payment at face value to holders of government securities. One recent researcher credits Abigail's financial acumen with providing for the Adams family's wealth through the end of John's lifetime.

created a tool that uses thermal imaging to identify when a heat source (ie a gas burner) is left unattended for 10 minutes and alerts the resident but text message; founder & CEO Vigil Inc;

* Widnall is internationally known for her work in fluid dynamics, specifically in the areas of aircraft turbulence and spiraling airflows. * She designed MIT's advanced wind tunnel facility. * One of her most notable works is on the elliptical instability mechanism with Raymond Pierrehumbert. * She published research that analyzed vortices trailing from the wing tips of aircraft that was used to gauge the hazards of wake turbulence, known as the Widnall instability. * While she was Secretary of the Air Force, she began the program to develop the expendable launch vehicle used for Atlas 5 and Delta 4 rockets.

1993 with her father Jonathan invented the Makin’ Bacon® dish a square, inch-deep skillet made of microwave-safe plastic, with three T-shaped supports rising up from its center which allows the bacon to cook while draped over the crossbars of the central supports, and the fat drips down into the dish; 1994 with Jonathan created A.deF.Ltd to sell her pan & his patented truck wheel cover

* Torrey developed a chemical method for quantitative determination of incipient spoilage of fruits & vegetables indigenous to Tennessee * Known for developing a mechanism to decompose hydrogen sulfide * Conducted studies in the realm of applying mass spectrometry to analyze specific noble gases patterns of gaseous formation.

* Wakefield was looking to improve on the colonial-style desserts she had been serving to her customers at the Toll House Inn. * She wanted to add melting squares of baking chocolate to the blond batter, but she realized her baking cabinet was out of the ingredient. * She used an icepick to break the chocolate into pea-sized bits, which today would be recognized as the cookie's staple, chocolate "chips." * As opposed to melting and disseminating across the cookie, the bits maintained their chunky form as they baked. *The recipe became so popular that it was featured in newspapers. * Toll House Cookie became the most popular dessert of the time.

* Jeanes' team developed xanthan gum, derived from Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. * Revolutionized food processing due to its unique thickening and stabilizing properties. * Used extensively in salad dressings, sauces, and baked goods to maintain texture and consistency. * Also essential in gluten-free baking, providing a substitute that mimics texture and properties of gluten. * Used in cosmetics industry to improve texture of creams and lotions.

Clicquot’s husband François died in 1805, leaving his widow (veuve in French) in control of a company variously involved in banking, wool trading, and champagne production. Under Madame Clicquot's control, the house focused entirely on champagne, and thrived. Under her management and her skill with wine, the company developed early champagne using a novel technique called riddling. Prior to this invention the second fermentation of wine to create champagne resulted in a very sweet wine with large bubbles and sediment from the remains of the yeast used in the fermentation in the bottle (which creates the bubbles in the wine) resulting in a cloudy wine. After this second fermentation was complete the bottles were held upside down. The bottles were regularly turned so that the dead yeast would all gather near the cork (riddling). Once the settling was complete, the wine near the cork was removed, followed by an addition of wine to refill the bottle.

Much of Edwards' career focused on the eating habits of pregnant African-American women.[1] In a paper that was published in May 1953, Edwards partook in a study that attempted to analyze the effects of dietary supplements during the pregnancies of anemic women. The women were given either high mineral, high protein or high vitamin supplements. Results showed that women across all three conditions in study were showing the recommended intake levels of calories, proteins, calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin. Moreover, these women also had higher red blood cell counts as well as hemoglobin concentrations, following the study. Several correlative conclusions were drawn, among them that the occurrences of birth-related complications in pregnant women with poor diets were higher than in pregnant women who had better diets. Additionally, good diets were correlated with an increase in infant length and weight. Edwards noted that the dietary supplements used in this experiment were both relatively inexpensive and common. She suggested that pregnant women of lower incomes maintain a highly nutritive diet based on these cheap and available foods.

creates 6 types of Landless Foods & one floral spice using microalgae; investigating the use of Cladophora a filamentous alga as a textile & replacement for PVC in raincoats & bags; developed a way to grow microalgae using a concentrated solution on edible agar gel

Invented a corn processing mills & a method for making cloth out of Palmetto leaves & straw; obtained 2 patents in Great Britain from King George but he issued them in her husband Thomas name even though he acknowledged the idea was hers. After returning from London, Sybilla and her husband created the corn mill from the patent. They hoped the invention would sell well in England, but the creation was too ahead.[7] In the colonies, however, it did well.[7] The Southern Colonies were the largest purchasers, and hominy, now called grits, is still widely consumed in the South today. Sybillia eventually died in 1720 and will forever be remembered for the work she completed. Masters' first patent was awarded for a new method of the curing and preparation of cornmeal used a stamping process instead of grinding. The machine consisted of a long wooden cylinder with projections on each side which caused a series of heavy pestles to drop onto mortars filled with corn kernels. This invention was powered by horses or water wheels. It produced a product Masters named, "Tuscarora Rice" which was falsely advertised and sold as a cure for tuberculosis. While the product did not catch on in England, it became a staple of the southeastern diet and is today known as grits.

Pennington educated farmers on the handling of raw milk in order to improve the safety of ice cream sold at local schools. In the same year, she accepted a position with the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania as director of their clinical laboratory. She also served as a research worker in the department of hygiene at the University of Pennsylvania from 1898 to 1901, and was a bacteriologist with the Philadelphia Bureau of Health. In her position with the Bureau of Health, she was instrumental in improving sanitation standards for the handling of milk and milk products.

She learned about nutrition, food preparation, and cooking. A few years later, she developed Joy Products, a successful line of instant food products. Sachs chose the name Joy Products because she said the mixes were a “joy” to create. She developed mixes for muffins, frostings, puddings, and breads. The mixes became very popular during World War II because women were spending less time at home and had less time to cook and bake from scratch. Joy Products remained in business for over 20 years.also invented flashlight with key toy log cabin furniture wine storage & cellar cabinets 2 music games ( DomiNotes & Musicards) accessories for dogs (including Watch-Dog a collar with a watch Bonnie Stand a stand for disposable dog food bowls Gui-Dog an early version of a retractable leash). created 6 products for wine connoisseurs under the name Cramanna (a wine wheel personal wine cellar wine racks a wine log book bottle ring/wine bib & tipsy table; coined the word ""Nutronics"" a method of combining the latest nutritional information with the good parts of home economics; holds 6 patents (2 under Charlotte Cramer 2 under Charlotte A. Cramer)"

Pennington and Howard Castner Pierce were awarded a U.S. patent for an all-metal poultry-cooling rack for the cooling and grading of poultry, rabbits and game (patent not located); 1898 founded Philadelphia Chemical Laboratory-provided testing for bacteria for doctors for $50/year; 1905 joined US Dept of Agriculture & in 1908 was Chief of their Research Lab (later known as FDA) responsible for overseeing compliance with the 1906 Pure Food Act; developed milk & dairy standards checklists for dairy herds to maintain procedures recommended standards for construction & insulation of refrigerated railroad cars (designed a better insulated car) oversaw the design & construction of refrigerated warehouses commercial & home refrigeration developed a better way to process & freeze fish for commercial sales invented a sterile food container (patent not found) and received patents for storage & freezing eggs; holds 4 patents

The ice cream maker was invented by a woman named Nancy Johnson in 1843. Her patented design is still used today! awarded the 1st US patent for hand-cranked ice cream freezer in 1843 (#3254)

The essential features of my design are a handle, a circular disk secured thereto, and three tapering prongs of equal length arranged in a triangle and projecting from said disk. The accompanying drawing represents a perspective of a handle that embodies my design a represents a circular disk that is perfectly flat'on both sides and from the outer side of which projects the handle 0. From the inner side of the disk projects the three tapering prongs h, which are of the same length and are arranged in a triangle. The handle 0 is round, in crosssection, and largest at its outer end.

Pennington's involvement with refrigerated boxcar design at the Food Research Laboratory led to an interest in the entire process of transporting and storing perishable food, including both refrigerated transport and home refrigeration. During her time with the laboratory, Pennington and Howard Castner Pierce were awarded a U.S. patent for an all-metal poultry-cooling rack for the cooling and grading of poultry, rabbits, and game.[10]

developed a shark repellant used by the US Navy during WWII to prevent sharks from prematurely detonating underwater explosives while she worked for the OSS & it is still used today (her 1st recipe); with Simone Beck & Louisette Bertholle began an informal school named L'ecole des trois gourmandes (The School of 3 Food Lovers) & taught american womenin Paris to cook in Julia's home kitchen after perfecting the recipes used in Mastering the Art of French Cooking (published 1961);wrote 19 cookbooks with many based on her TV shows or companions for them; her last book was an autobiography written with her grandnephew Alex Prud'homme titled "My Life in France" & published posthumously in 2006; won the 1st Emmy for an educational program; in 1972 The French chef was the 1st TV program to be captioned for the deaf; 1981 founded the American Institute of Food & Wine with vintners Robert Mondavi & Richard Graff; 1989 published what she considered her magnum opus, "The Way to Cook;" 1995 established The Julia Child Foundation for Gastronomy & Culinary Arts-it gives grants to other nonprofits to support gastronomy, the culinary arts & the development of the professional food worlds

1897 invented corn-fork

insisted on exact, precise measurements in her recipes thus standardizing measurements in cooking for the 1st time in the USA; transformed cooking & recipes into a science; established the convention that ingredients for a recipe would be given in the order required

creator of the Culinique line of Surprise Inside Food Molds; founder of InOvation Enterprises, Inc

In 1891 Deiner patented an improved a rolling pin with an adjustable sleeve that, once placed on the hook, gave the user four cake cutters, making it possible to cut up dough fast enough into different shapes with no waste.