Innovations

discovered 1-MCP to keep fruit, vegetables & flowers fresh by suppressing ethylene; holds 2 patents

Discovered the Xh & Pa 1 antigens are identical & could be isotypic markers & ultimately concluded the isotypic specificity among the higher mammals arose during the specification process

Known for studies on memory & the misinformation effect false memories & criticism of recovered memories therapies; her studies determined memory is fragile & more unreliable than previously thought & can be manipulated; espouses controversial therories in psychology

2014 captured by ISIS & held as a sex slave for 3 months before escaping to Germany; 2016 established Nadia's Inititative to focus on the sustainable redevelopment of the Yazidi homeland in Iraq; advocates for survivors of genocide & sexual violence; used Nobel Prize money to found Global Survivor's Fund with Dr. Mukwege; worked with German Mission to the UN to pass UN Security Council Resolution 2467 which expanded the UN's committments to end sexual violence in conflict & Resolution 2379 which established UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/ISIL (UNITAD); 2020 worked with UK Government to establish Murad Code a global consultative initiative aimed at building & supporting a community of better practices for with & concerning survivors of conflict-related sexual violence

* Epps' early research at Howard focused on immunology, specifically the study of tropical and infectious diseases. * Epps' research at Johns Hopkins investigated immunology related to liver disease, stomach cancer, and alpha-1-fetoprotein. * In 1993, Epps was commissioned by the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences to write "Increasing Minority Participation in the Health Professions—The Problem of Under-representation and An Inventory and Analysis of Effective Strategies and Problems."

* Eng was appointed Senior Advisor for Knowledge Management (2008-2013) at Nuclear Regulatory Commission * Knowledge Management emerged as a scientific discipline in the early 1990s * Objective of knowledge management is to manage and maximize the intangible assets of an organization * Includes Techno-centric with a focus on technology, ideally those that enhance knowledge sharing and creation * Includes Organisational focus on how an organisation can be designed to facilitate knowledge processes best * Includes Ecological focus on the interaction of people, identity, knowledge, and environmental factors as a complex adaptive system akin to a natural ecosystem.

a founder of the field of Critical Race theiory; 2011 founder & Director of the Center for Intersectionality & Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School; 1991 assisted the legal team representing Anita Hill at the US Senate confirmation hearings for Supreme Court Justice Clarence thomas; 1996 co-founder & Executive director of African American Policy Forum (AAPF) a think tank focused on dismantling structural inequality & advancing & expanding racial justice, gender equality, & the indivisibility of all human rights in the US & internationally; 1989 coined the term "intersectionality" as a way to explain the oppression of African-American women; her work in intersectionality was instrumental in drafting the equality clause in the Constitution of South Africa; with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation facilitates the Bellagio Project an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from 5 continents

Inventor of the Lower Body Negative Press (LBNP) Chamber to enable exercise in space

Holds 35 patents

held 26 patents: 5 on mathematical dividers, 13 on arc lamps & electrodes, & 8 on the propulsion of air; her interest in vortices in water & air inspired the Ayrton fan or flapper used in trenches during WWI to dispel poison & gases; helped found the International Federation of University women in 1919 & the National Union of Scientific workers in 1920; developed the Ayrton Equation that exhibited a linear relation between arc lengths, pressure, & potential difference

founded Diceland Technologies & invented the disposable cell phone (1999) she named Phone-Card-Phone & was made entirely of recycled paper products; her board game Miami Vice was further developed into Grand Theft Auto: Vice City by Rockstar North; co-authored the novel Sorry, You Can't Enter Heaven with Katheleen Sahputis in 2008; developed a monster-shaped breakfast cereal which turned soft when covered in milk; invented Pop Test, the world’s first saliva-based glucose test for diabetes; founded a clinical think tank headquartered in Cliffside Park NJ; invented a programmable, customizable “smart pill” pills that can communicate with each other and prevent overdose, counterfeiting, theft, and diversion;

invented and patented a method for using strings held by balloons at high altitudes to try and trip up the propellers of enemy planes; patented a toilet design; developed, with her brother, Adelbert, a scientific method for mixing paints to certain color specifications & their Ames Chart is still used today; created a method for cutting hexagonal shapes in wood; 1915 she became the art editor of Woman's Journal along with Fredrikke Palmer and Mayme B. Harwood; helped to form The Doctors Bill to Clarify the Law, which regulated the ability of doctors to provide birth control counseling to married women with health problems, and later helped establish universal access to birth control; 1916 she cofounded the Birth Control League of Massachusetts; drew political cartoons for the suffragette movement

1975 invented fireplace damper actuator (patent found); also invented Ammons Auto-Cleaner which simplified household chores, Ammons Solar Heater, Ammons Portable Water Purifier (no patents found);

1940 invented an improved Sphygmomanometer;

two inventions, the bed rack allowed people to expose their worn bedclothes to fresh air and torpedo discharge mechanism was a highly technical device requiring extensive submarine operations knowledge &a complicated pneumatically-operated device that allowed the firing of torpedoes below the water’s surface;

1889 invented a school desk with storage

1984 invented Ansa Baby Bottle & founded Ansa Bottle Company (sold in 1993) with her husband to produce & sell them; co-creator of the Aeroleaf Bagger a portable, aerodynamically designed leaf blower vacuum alternative with net leaf bags that can be used on lawns and hard surfaces that works with any leaf blower;

1915 invented & patented improved suspenders

received a patent in 1908 for the 1st retractable dog leash

received a patent in 1873 for a cooking device that had separate compartments so food could be kept warm by using dry heat & steam & different foods could be kept at different temperatures

Reportedly held 2 patents for corset improvements but only 1 was located

1917 was granted a patent for an electric water heater

most well known for devising household gadgets for convenience but more specifically for designing and building the first "self-cleaning house;" The house incorporated 68 of her separate inventions from a self-cleaning dishwasher, a self-cleaning fireplace, and even giving her dog a bath by routing the receding water used to clean the house through the dog house. Each room contained a cleaning apparatus that was roughly 10 square inches in the center of the room. The self-cleaning system works by opening a valve and then pushing a button. This activates a sprinkler system that dispenses soap and water across the room. This automated car wash-like system cleans ceilings, walls, floors, windows, curtains, and furniture. Gabe obtained 36 patents for various pieces of cleaning inventions she invented; 1 of her inventions was for a material used to cover upholstery which is strong enough to hold molten steel but soft enough to sleep on comfortably; to cope with laundry she designed a tightly sealed cabinet where soiled clothing was placed inside on hangers, washed and dried there with jets of water and air, and then, still on hangers, pulled neatly by a chain into the clothes closet;

invented the eyeless needle used by surgeons which eliminated the need to double the thread & thus reduced scarring, a combination paperweight, calendar, & musical watch, a music box that incorporated a “portable fountain” that water spouted water, as the music box played, a folding flatiron, a dress shield, a sweat band for hats, a key that measures whether the door is locked or not, & a carriage telephone;

is responsible for developing the animation for making GIFs and other groundbreaking video technology such as Joost, Brightcove, Shockwave, and Hulu; 2016 co-founded and took on the role of Chief Executive Officer of tEQuitable, a start-up that provides an independent and confidential platform to address issues of bias, harassment, and discrimination in the workplace; invented Shockwave, a multimedia platform that laid the foundation for the modern web while Director of Program Management at Macromedia; helped to improve HealthCare.gov, reducing the number of individual pages and overall application time; she led the team that built the College Scorecard, an online tool for comparing the cost and value of higher education institutions in the United States; co-founded Emotient, which uses artificial intelligence to analyze facial expressions; co-founded Techturized Inc., a company whose mission is developing tech solutions specifically geared toward women of color;

working to make reliable ultra-fast wireless connectivity a reality; her research will enable devices like next-generation cellphones & autonomous vehicles; co-director of Princeton NextG industry affiliates program; led the tam that team developed a system that captures ripeness information from inside fruit using wireless signals that penetrate fruit peels without physically touching or damaging the fruit, they named the system AgriTera; founder of the Wireless Distinguished Seminar Series at Princeton;

invented & patented (none found) a hip satchel made out of old jeans

invented game, "Boys Scoot Over. Girls Advance to the Top," "Tooth-Fairy Light" (a blinking light for children) & "SHHHH Machine" (a mechanism that uses a decibel meter to indicate when a classroom, for example, is getting too noisy);

invented Door Plate and Card Receiver;

invented Means for Operating Egg Beaters, Hot-water heating device & Apple corer

invented Improvement in the modes of forming air-chambers in dental-plates, & Improvement in cooking-stoves

1870 invented Improvement in combined dressing bureau & bath tubs

1877 invented Improvement in stone pavements

discovered how to use liquid nitrogen to stop fires; CEO & inventor of CryoRain Inc (2009); owner Medical Urgency Preparation Service Ip

2001 twin sisters Kelli and Vanessa invented a remote control locator; 2003 with Kelli founded National Online Makeup Artists (NOMA); 2008 NOMA Beauty Magazine was launched through NOMA; 2013 with Kelli wrote Makeup Dunn Right: How to Master Your Makeup;

1959 invented the Barbie doll modeled after the Bild Lilli doll she saw in Germany; 1945 co-founded Mattel with her husband Elliot & business partner Harold "Matt" Matson; after her mastectomy formed Ruthton Corp., which manufactured a more realistic version of a woman's breast called Nearly Me, aiming to boost women's confidence regardless of their health;1975 received a patent for Nearly Me, a prosthesis made of material close in weight and density to that of natural breasts; created Ruth Handler Foundation which supports various programs and initiatives focused on education and entrepreneurship; her autobiography is titled “Dream Doll: The Ruth Handler Story” ; had a hand in developing the Chatty Cathy doll made by Mattel in the 1960s; 1976 she founded the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF);

was known for her gonzo-style 1st-person narratives; 2002 co-founder of greatboyfriends.com with her sister Cande Carroll (acquired by The Knot Inc 2005); 2004 launched Catch27.com a spoof of Facebook; 2012 co-founder Tawkify "a personal concierge for dating" & also advised their matchmaking team; 2007 launched an online version of her column; won a defamation suit against Donald Trump

helped launch the U.S. automotive magazine Competition Press now AutoWeek owned the magazine for 1 year; wrote for them for over 65 years; invented participatory journalism-writing about sports from the perspective of a partifcipant-because she was not allowed in the racing pits or locker rooms as were male journalists;

pioneered going undercover to write exposes about factories, an insane asylum, incarceration abuses, legislative corruption, unscrupulous employment agencies for domestic workers, & the black market for buying babies; her most famous expose was about the 10 days she spent as a mental patient at Women's Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell's (now Roosevelt) Island in New York; her subsequent articles about the abuses & brutal treatment of patients & horrendous living conditions resulted in mental health reform in New York; she was released from the asylum thanks to the efforts of attorneys for the New York World, her paper; November 14, 1889 began her trip around the world to emulate & beat the fictional record for doing so in Jules Verne's "Around the World in 80 Days" sponsored & promoted by her newspaper; set the record for 72 days; as a businesswoman prioritized the welfare of her employees, providing healthcare benefits, & recreational facilities including a library for workers; held 5 patents under E. C. Seaman or Elizabeth C. Seaman

The Finkbeiner test is a checklist proposed by freelance journalist Christie Aschwanden to help journalists avoid gender bias in media articles about women in science. To pass the test, an article about a female scientist must not mention: That she is a woman, her husband's job, her childcare arrangements, how she nurtures her underlings, how she was taken aback by the competitiveness in her field, how she is a role model for other women, how she's the "first woman to ..."