Innovations

Aschwanden produces the podcast "Emerging Form" which discusses the creative process. She has investigated different factors influencing the research process & spent 1 year (2015) investigating whether science was "broken". Her investigations have considered scientific misconduct and fraud, and found that whilst these cases made headlines, they were a "mere distraction" from science itself. She has studied P-hacking, a method that involves narrowing or expanding data sets to prove a particular hypothesis.

Refusing to fall back on pop jargon about “recovery” or to offer easy solutions or standardized timelines, Finkbeiner’s is a genuine and moving search to come to terms with loss. Her complex profiles of parents resonate with the honesty and authenticity of uncomfortable emotions expressed and, most importantly, shared with others experiencing a similar loss. Finally, each profile exemplifies the many heroic ways parents learn to live with their pain, and by so doing, honor the lives their children should have lived, the book was prompted by the death of her son & her own reactions; co-proprietor of a science-ish blog, The Last Word on Nothing; her blog comments on what she wasn't going to write about when writing about women scientists inspired Christie Aschwanden to formalize the items & create The Finkbeiner Test a checklist to help science journalists avoid gender bias in articles about women in science-it asks writers to avoid describing women scientists in terms of stereotypically feminine traits, such as their family arrangements;.

Balliwick provides tools for visualizing campaign finance data related to the 2016 U.S. election campaign. It is an artificial intelligence tool to help journalists quickly and efficiently uncover story ideas in campaign finance data. Beyond that, Broussard’s book ‘Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World’ examines the limits of technology in solving social problems. She has written a further book entitled ‘More than a Glitch: Confronting Race, Gender, and Ability Bias in Tech’.coined the term "technochauvinism." She is an expert in the future of self-driving car technology.

Fought to prevent the sale and development of the Huron Cemetery & argued before the Supreme Court January 14, 1910 to save it from development;

idea of the public defender;? Foltz's then-radical concept of providing assistance to indigent criminal defendants

Haynes was an outspoken critic of the "track system" in the DC school system. She argued that it discriminated against African American students by assigning them to tracks that left them unprepared for college.[4] This work contributed towards the filing of Hobson v. Hansen (1967) which led to the end of the track system in DC

midwife known for Gaskin Maneuver (also called all fours & the first obstetrical procedure to be named after a midwife), a technique she learned in Guatemala in 1976 for preventing & resolving shoulder dystocia during birth; 1971 with husband Stephen founded The Farm in Summerton Tennessee where they created The Farm Midwifery Center, one of the first out-of-hospital birthing centers in the United States; wrote Spiritual Midwifery (1977) & it is considered a seminal work on midwifery; between 1977 and 2000 published the quarterly magazine Birth Gazette (covered health care, childbirth, and midwifery issues); Ina May’s Guide to Childbirth, her second book about birth and midwifery, was published by Bantam/Dell in 2003; founder of the Safe Motherhood Quilt Project, a national effort developed to draw public attention to maternal death rates and to honor those women who have died of pregnancy-related causes since the 1980s; 1982 co-founder of Midwives Alliance of North America;

founder & president of the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association; campaigned for the 10-hour work day & better working conditions for women; 1st female telegraph operator in the US, quit after discovering her male counterparts made more money than she did; supporter of electoral change & women's rights; likened the plight of southern slaves to the female mill workers of Massachusetts

co-founder and co-editor with her brother Max Eastman of the radical arts and politics magazine The Liberator (1918-1922); co-founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and co-founder in 1920 of the American Civil Liberties Union; 1909 was appointed to the New York State Commission of Employee's Liability and Causes of Industrial Accidents, Unemployment and Lack of Farm Labor & drafted the inaugural workers' compensation law, a model that became the standard for the U.S.; advocated for "motherhood endowments" whereby mothers of young children would receive monetary benefits; 1913 co-founded Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, which became the National Woman's Party; co-wrote the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), first introduced in 1923; delivered the speech, "Now We Can Begin", following the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, outlining the work that needed to be done in the political and economic spheres to achieve gender equality; organized the First Feminist Congress in 1919; 1909 helped her brother Max establish the Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage; co-founder American Union Against Militarism

1908 was sworn in by the City of Portland as Superintendent of the Women's Auxiliary to the Police Department for the Protection of Girls (later renamed the Women's Protective Division) with the rank of detective after convincing the Mayor & city government officials of the need for the position; promoted laws to protect women, advised other jurisdictions about women's law-enforcement issues, and demonstrated by example that women could be effective police officers; 1904 was hired by several Portland Oregon charities & businesses (including Travelers aid & YWCA) to help protect young women expected to attend the 1905 Lewis & Clark Centennial Exposition from possible sexual exploitation by helping them find lodging, jobs, & safe environments during their stay in the city with a salary of $75 per month & the authority to make arrests; was one of 15 commissioners appointed to the Portland Vice Commission in 1911 to study the problem of venereal disease (VD) and its relation to the commercial sex trade; 1912 pushed for the creation of the Hillcrest Oregon Industrial School for Girls near Salem; 1918 obtained federal funding for the Cedars Venereal Detention Facility for Women near Portland;

1 of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW); 1 of the 1st lawyers in the Equal Employment Opportunity commission (EEOC); 1968 co-founder of Federally Employed Women (FEW); drafted many of the EEOC's initial landmark guidelines and decisions; 1968 co-founder of the Women's Equity Action League (WEAL); 1981 is 1 of the founders of Women in Management (WIM); drafted important guidelines and decisions including one finding that airlines violated the law when they terminated or grounded stewardesses when they married, or reached their early 30's;

1990 with Mim Kelber cofounded the International Women's Environment & Developmental Organization (WEDO) to provide visibility & support for working women; 1971 joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus; was a founder of the Commission for Women’s Equality of the American Jewish Congress; authored two books, Bella: Ms. Abzug Goes to Washington and The Gender Gap, the latter co-authored with friend and colleague Mim Kelber; founded the grassroots organization Women USA; at the UN, Abzug developed the Women's Caucus; helped organize the Women Strike for Peace (1961) and the National Women’s Political Caucus; authored or co-authored several historic bills, including Title IX, a bill prohibiting sex discrimination in educational opportunities by schools receiving Federal funding assistance (though Title IX did not mention athletics, it became known most prominently for its impact on high school and college sports), the Freedom of Information Act, and the first law banning discrimination against women with respect to obtaining credit; 1974 introduced the Equality Act, the first federal gay rights legislation;

Kennedy appointed Esther Peterson to head the President’s Commission on the Status of Women. The committee’s work was a driving force in the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

Kennedy appointed Esther Peterson to head the President’s Commission on the Status of Women. The committee’s work was a driving force in the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

while at Sloan Kettering Institute identified the Friend leukemia virus; helped to establish the concept of the oncovirus, studied the role of the host immune response in disease development, and helped define modern retrovirology; discovered Friend erythroleukemia cells; observed the cytodifferentiating effect of DMSO which laid the groundwork for the development of HDAC inhibitors; while at Mount Sinai School of Medicine discovered that a chemical called DMSO could spur leukemia cells to become red blood cells — effectively returning cancer cells back to normal;

1 of the Book Boat Women who, in 1904, transformed old barges into floating libraries

a world leader in a number of fields – child development, language acquisition, aphasia research, cross-linguistic research, bilingualism, psycholinguistics and their neural underpinnings, and had trained, supported and collaborated with a diverse and international group of researchers and students. With Brian MacWhinney, Bates developed a model of language processing called the competition model, which views language acquisition as an emergentist phenomenon that results from competition between lexical items, phonological forms, and syntactic patterns, accounting for language processing on the synchronic, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic time scales.[6] She was a main proponent of the functionalist view of grammar, in that communication is the main force that drives language's natural forms.[7] This view provides support for Bates’ widely known perspective: the brain does not use specialized linguistic centers, but instead employs general cognitive abilities in order to solve a communicative conundrum.[8] Much of her research provided evidence towards the core principles of empiricism and against the nativist school of thought, which made her a major player in the East Pole-West Pole divide of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. She highlighted the reliance on pointing by infants in order to fill their need to communicate before they are able to speak.[9] The child's ability to incorporate imperatives in their gestures in order to make a command or request was found in her research and shows the necessity of communication regardless of language.[10] Bates also coined the term protoword, a word-like utterance made by prelinguistic children that has meaning (e.g. yumyum), but does not represent the adult-like form. She found that regardless of the strategy applied by the child, they learn words at the same rate.[12] She did, however, find strong predictive power in the child's vocabulary at 13 and 20 months old and their grammatical complexity at 2 years old.[13] Bates finds that language learning comes from the neural plasticity in the brain; therefore, children can and are able to learn a language, even with brain trauma. showed that after brain injury, adult aphasic patients' deficits were not specific to linguistic structures theorized to be localized to specific brain areas,[15] or even restricted to the linguistic domain. She demonstrated that neural plasticity allows children with damage to the right hemisphere or the left hemisphere to learn and use language within normal range.

founded Literacy volunteers of America 1962; merged with Laubach Literacy International 2002 & became ProLiteracy Worldwide; founded The National Coalition for Literacy to increase public awareness of illiteracy; developed several manuals & teaching guides for literacy, reading programs, & tutors

* Buck became the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China" * Played a pioneering role in demythologizing China and the Chinese people in the American mind * By 1927 Buck devoted herself in earnest to the vocation of writing * Committed to a range of issues that were largely ignored by her generation. Many of her life experiences and political views are described in her novels, short stories, fiction, children's stories * hallenged the American public by raising consciousness on topics such as racism, sex discrimination and the plight of Asian war children.

* Hill is president of the Rotary and Mission Systems (RMS) for Lockheed Martin Corporation.

Previously, all barrels were made by hand in a manual process. In 1880, after observing widespread advertisement for businesses desperately in search of barrel coopers, she asked her son, Oscar, whether there was any available machine that would make barrels and remove the need for coopers. After hearing that there wasn't, she became determined to create a solution and began brainstorming designs for a barrel-hooping machine capable of reliably and efficiently hooping wood together to create barrels.[8] In 1881, Beasley won her first patent for a barrel-hooping machine,[11] followed by a second version of the patent (including one filed in the United Kingdom) in 1882.[12][27] Her machine is designed to fit hoops tightly onto both sides of the barrel simultaneously, using two reciprocating heads, firmly-secured "hooping-toes" to guide the hoops, and a combination of springs, screws and levers.[11] Her updated patent aims to account for differences and imperfections in the shape of barrel staves and hoops; it uses radially-adjustable arms and jaws to hold materials more firmly in place.[12] The final design was capable of hooping 1,600-1,700 barrels per day, far more than a barrel cooper could hoop on their own.[8]

* Katiya conducted field studies to understand the physics involved in the movement of jellyfish. * Science team discovered the jellyfish not only push water into their bells but drag an almost constant flume of water behind them * Led her to study how marine life contributes to mixing the ocean * Also includes understanding how much sea creatures mix fluid in the ocean at rates comparable to winds and tides * She is a certified research diver.

* Young studied the effects of direct and indirect radiation on sea urchin eggs as well as hydration and dehydration of living cells * 1924 published "On the excretory apparatus in Paramecium" * She was the sole author on the research article, making her the first African American woman to obtain a professional publication on original research in this field. This publication in the zoology field was an international success, symbolizing the impact of Young's scientific achievements early in her career * A group of environmental and conservation groups established the Roger Arliner Young (RAY) Marine Conservation Diversity Fellowship in Young's honor.

1940 1st female to earn captains papers in the US Merchant Marines; during WWII taught navigation & seamanship to Naval Reserve officers; helped establish a fund to enable the Boston Opera to provide reduced priced tickets for lower income youths; during WW1 wrote a pamphlet, "A Little American Soldiers' & Sailors' Diary" for US military members (also distributed to 3,000 Serbian troops), helped assemble soldiers' grooming kits, worked to improve conditions for POWs & joined the US Navy ambulance corps; between 1938 & 1940 logged over 33,700 miles at sea as a navigator; wrote "113 Days on Iron Decks, A Voyage of Rediscovery" based on her daily logs of her 1938 journey on the SS Henry S. Grove; wrote "Again We Sail" an account of her 1939 voyage on the SS Lewis Luckenback from New York through the Panama Canal to San Francisco

1889 founded Foss Maritime Company & it became the largest tugboat company in the Western US

* Wise developed the idea of personalized Tupperware Parties as opposed to selling Tupperware in stores * Became Vice President of Marketing from 1951 to 1958 * First woman on the cover of Business Week as recognition for her pioneering effort in “home parties” as sales events.

* Haile's research centers on ionic conduction in solids. The objectives are to understand the mechanisms that govern ion transport and to apply that understanding to the development of advanced solid electrolytes and novel solid-state electrochemical devices. * Applications of fast ion conductors include batteries, sensors, ion pumps, and fuel cells. * Device development plays an increasingly important role in her research. Micropower generators, based on solid oxide fuel cells are particularly attractive for portable power.

researches & teaches colloidal materials & the relationship between micron & submicron length scales; creates photonic crystals for solar cells using colloidal building blocks; has worked on the Self-assembly of microparticles with hemispherical & dimer shapes

* Bao is founder of Stanford Wearable Electronics Initiative in 2016 (eWEAR); 1 of the founders of C3 Nano Company & PyrAmes Health * development of electronic skin, elastic skin-like integrated circuits that can be used for on-skin sensors, body-scale networks & implantable bioelectronics & may give people who use prosthetics the ability to regain their sense of touch * developed the first all-plastic transistor, or organic field-effect transistor, which allows for use in electronic paper.

known for viral assembly of nanotechnology; she & her team at MIT engineered M13 bacteriophage which is used to treat Ercherichia coli; discovered M13 nanowires resemble the basic components of a potentially powerful & compact battery; 2002 with Evelyn Hu founded Cambria; founder & on the Advisory Committee of Siluiria Technologies which develops catalystic methods for converting natural gas, into products such as ethylene, gasoline, & diesel fuel; 2009 she & her team demonstrated the feasibility of using genetically modified viruses to build both anode & cathode of a lithium-ion battery a process using a cheap & environmentally friendly process with no harmful solvents or toxic materials; 2014 she & her team demonstrated the potential for M13 phages to detect cancer by using M13 virus stabilized SWNTs (single walled carbon nanotubes) to visualize deep disseminated tumors in vivo to identify submillimeter tumors; at University of Texas at Austin she & her team discovered a novel way to make liquid crystalline film

Billings began researching materials in manuscripts from the Renaissance Era, where she learned that the plaster used in frescoes was fortified with a material similar to cement (but not cement); that material affected the chemical composition of the mixture, thereby strengthening it.[6] Eight years later she invented, in her basement lab,[6] the Geobond construction material.[7][8] She sent a 10-inch statue made of her new material to a scientist, who encouraged her to persist.[1] In 1996, The Wall Street Journal published a profile of Billings that also described fire-resistance testing of Geobond by Underwriters Laboratories, the Kansas City Fire Department, and a government lab at Edwards Air Force Base.[1]. In addition for the patentfor Geobond has others for building materials; with Susan Michalski developed & patented a process & design for modular, fire-resistant molded building panels using a gypsum cement catalyst formula in layers between a framework of rigid studs; inventor of Geobond, a fire-proof, non-toxic, indestructible, & non-carcinogenic safe alternative to asbestos; invented Craftcote for the simple repairs of sculptures

Chowdhry has specialized in the science of ceramic materials, including catalysts, proton conductors, superconductors and ceramic packaging for microelectronics. She led DuPont's research effort in ceramic superconducting materials and developed a program that generated over 20 patents and 50 publications.

non-linear partial differential equations & Graphical models for data science; holds 8 patents

Browne's work on classical groups demonstrated simple proofs of important topological properties of and relations between classical groups.[5] Her work in general focused on linear and matrix algebra. Browne saw the importance of computer science early on, writing a $60,000 grant to IBM to bring a computer to NCCU in 1960—one of the first computers in academic computing, and probably the first at a historically black school.[1] Throughout her career, Browne worked to help gifted mathematics students, educating them and offering them financial support to pursue higher education. Notable students included Joseph Battle, William Fletcher, Asamoah Nkwanta, and Nathan Simms.[6] She established summer institutes to provide continuing education in mathematics for high school teachers. In 1974 she was awarded the first W. W. Rankin Memorial Award from the North Carolina Council of Teachers of Mathematics for her work with mathematics education.[1]

14th African American female to obtain a PhD in Mathematics

Known for her publications related to Cauchy's Problem for Higher-Order Abstract Parabolic Equations; 15th African American Female to obtain a PhD in Mathematics

specialty in abstract algebra 11th African American female awarded a PhD in Mathematics 1969

pioneers of applied mathematics in the twentieth century; co-developed slip-line theory; 1st woman to teach applied mathematics at a German University

specializes in research into group theory & abstract algebra; is on the committee that writes mathematics portion of GREs & consultant for AP Calculus examination

In working for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hunt worked on mathematical problems from physics and chemistry research. While working at NIST she continued her own research on the ergodic theory of dynamical systems.[6]