Innovations

researched Teichmuller theory hyperbolic geometry ergodic theory & symplectic geometry; found that a property of the modulus space corresponds to the number of simple closed geodesics of the hyperbolic surface; developed a simple proof for the theorem of Schur; proved William Thurston's earthquake flow on Teichmuller space is ergodic; 2014 with Alex Eskin & input from Amir Mohammadi proved complex geodesics & their closures in moduli space are surprisingly regular rather than irregular or fractal; made several contributions to the theory of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces

Robinson was noted for her contributions to the fields of computability theory and computational complexity theoryùmost notably in decision problems. Her work on Hilbert's tenth problem (now known as Matiyasevich's theorem or the MRDP theorem) played a crucial role in its ultimate resolution; 1950 J.R. Hypothesis named after her; made significant contributions to game theory

Walton has done research on Noncommunicatative Algebra & Representation Theory. This area of mathematics. Over the last few decades noncommutative algebraic geometry (in its many forms) has become increasingly important, both within noncommutative algebra/representation theory, as well as having significant applications to algebraic geometry and other neighbouring areas.

"Calculus of variations; Geometric analysis; Minimal surfaces; YangûMills-Higgs theory; initiated a systematic study of the moduli theory of minimal surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds (AKA minimal submanifold theory) in 1983; studied Harmonic maps, Lie algebra & gauge theory"

After receiving a degree in Mathematics in 1939, Livesay went to Philadelphia to complete a training course in operating and programming IBM electric calculating machines. For six months, with the help of an assistant, Livesay designed and implemented plug-board programs, punched cards, and carried cards over from one machine to another. With this training in hand, Livesay arrived at Los Alamos in February 1944. She was assigned to work with a theoretical group calculating the predicted shock wave from an implosion-type bomb. Since this group would be using IBM machines, Livesay was well qualified. Her position involved supervising the crew that kept the IBM machines running 24 hours a day, as well as performing hand calculations to check for any errors made by the machines.

her mathematical theory known as Cartwright's Theorem gives an estimate for the maximum modulus of an analytic function that takes the same value no more than p times in the unit disc; her collaboration with J. E. Littlewood greatly influenced the direction that the modern theory of dynamical systems has taken; 1945 simplified Hermite's elementary proof of the irrationality of Pi; some of her work described deep & delicate phenomena which can appear near fractal boundaries & have found new applications in this field; did work on cluster sets in 1950s; the Cartwright Theorem is applied in signal processing & is her most important work in the theory of functions; did work on directions of Borel spreads; with Littlewood developed the Fixed Point Theorem; worked with E. F. Collingwood on the theory of cluster sets; worked with H. P. F. Swinnterton-Dyer on boundedness theorems for second-order differential equations; worked with Littlewood on the solutions of the Van der Pol equation

Vaughn collaborated on a handbook for algebraic methods for calculating machines. She was the first African-American supervisor at NACA (now NASA). Vaughn worked with Katherine G. Johnson & Mary Jackson on John Glenn's launch into orbit.

Gilmer and her assistants, 14-year-old Stephanie Desgrottes and teacher Mary Potter, observed and interviewed both hair stylists and customers in the two cities' salons, inquiring about tessellations in box braids (box-shaped tessellations resembling brick walls) and triangular braids (tessellations resembling equilateral triangles), two styles that restrict the movement of the hair when the head is tossed. While these hair stylists do not generally think of what they do as mathematical, Gilmer detailed the many mathematically based patterns in these and other types of braiding and how they are found in nature, such as the tessellating hexagons found in braids that resembles the flesh of pineapples and the honeycombs in beehives. As an educator, Gilmer used these results to create classroom activities for students to understand the mathematics of hair braiding

* Haynes founded the Mathematics Dept at Miner's Teacher's College (now University of the District of Columbia). * This school was dedicated to training African American teachers.

Both Svager and her husband were university professors with a strong commitment to furthering education opportunities. During their professional lives, the Svagers lived on one income and invested the other to build a scholarship fund. After her death, her husband established the Thyrsa Frazier Svager Fund at the Dayton Foundation, for African-American women who major in mathematics at one of six universities, with a legacy contribution planned. Svager also wrote 2 textbooks: CSU's Modern Elementary Algebra Workbook (1969) & Essential Mathematics for College Freshmen(1976).

Bozeman was one of the founders of Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE), a transition program for women entering graduate studies in the Mathematical sciences. Male faculty tend to be less sensitive to the ways in which women treat their studies, Bozeman says. The EDGE program brings in senior graduates and panelists. The students form study groups and learn how to give and receive information. Critical to graduate school survival, says Bozeman. In 2007 the EDGE Program was given special recognition by the American Mathematical Society for its effectiveness.

Washington is active in education policy, especially best practices on achieving racial and ethnic diversity in STEM.[11] At the NSF, she has served as co-Lead of the Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program and is a graduate of the STEM diversity organization SACNAS.[12] She serves on the Council of the American Mathematical Society and served on the Executive Committee of the Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM). Her research interests include the applications of differential equations to problems in biology & engineering, the development of nonstandard finite difference schemes to numerically solve dynamical systems.

wrote the detailed Operators Manual for the ENIAC around 1945; was an instrumental player in converting the ENIAC from a computer that needed to be reprogrammed each time it was used to one that was able to perform a set of fifty stored instructions;

as a graduate student developed computer tools for studying problem noise in the suburbs and investigated how to produce quieter computer printers; while working at Bell Labs developed devices for microphones and earphones and improved conference calling systems to eliminate echoes that some speakers produce; at University of Texas worked on on ways to reduce the level of noise that comes from transportation & discovered it was the shape of the highway barriers, not their composition, that effected noise levels;

Clark spent many summers at Frankford Arsenal doing research on recoilless weapons. She also spent a summer working with NASA in Huntsville, Alabama where she investigated Saturn V engines for hot spots. She then spent a summer at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, helping design the containers Neil Armstrong used to bring Moon samples back to earth.[6] Clark did further research that discovered methods for revitalizing and modernizing part of the inner city through the Westinghouse's Defense and Space Center in Baltimore, Maryland. As of the 1990s, her research focuses on refrigerants. She is the main investigator for the research project "Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of Alternative Refrigerants in Heat Pump Cycles"

renowned scholar of theoretical & experimental mechanics of macromolecular materials; developed a new helmet technology that is capable of dissipating a significant portion of kinetic energy that travels through the head after impact before that energy reaches the brain; developed a highly successful model for ACL repair that restores native anatomy & function within 6-9 months of implementation & started a company, STEL Technologies LLC in 2013 to market the technology; 1993 published the Arruda-Boyce model for the behavior of rubber-like polymers with Maria Cunningham Boyce

2015 founding Director of the Research Center on Manufacturing Science & Innovation at Northwestern University; program director at NSF2003-05; Senior Institute Fellow at Argonne National Laboratory 2016; her work has made fundamental contributions to the characterization of the effects of material structures on forming behavior of metals & woven composites; her research has integrated analytical & numerical simulation methods, control & sensors, design methodologies to advance manufacturing processes; her group has designed unique manufacturing equipment for microforming, dieless sheet forming & additive manufacturing; current research impacts on energy-efficient manufacturing, surface engineering & distributed manufacturing

founder of Dugan Ventures & RedXDefense LLC; at ATAP developed Project Tango an augmented reality computing platform & Project Ara a modular smartphone program; with Dr. Kaigham (Ken) Gabriel negotiated the Multi-University Research Agreement which initially consisted of 8 public & private universities; while working at DARPA developed a system for venting gas from a space liquid storage tank & led the research & development of "Dog's Nose" an advanced portable system that can detect the explosive content of landmines; holds 11 patents

co-founder of Sesame Workshop (formerly Children's television Workshop or CTW); crated Sesame Street, Electric Company, 3-2-1 contact, Square One TV, Ghostwriter, CRO, Big Bag, Dragon Tales, Sagwa the Chinese Cat, Pinky Dinky Doo; has 205 Emmy awards, 10 Grammy Award, 5 George foster Peabody Awards including an Institutional Peabody

recorded the burgeoning suffragette movement in the early 1900s; appointed official photographer to the Household Division from 1904 to 1939 and had a darkroom in the Chelsea Barracks; her photographs encouraged military recruitment; 1908 was permitted to work in the grounds of Buckingham Palace and to photograph the king and queen; was unusual because she worked on the street rather than in the studio;

* Benjamin held patent for a shoe that delivered medication through the sole. * A second patent was given for a Gong & Signal Chair for use in hotels, which could summon a waiter without having to get up.

* Geer invented a syringe which could be operated with one hand * As a nurse, she observed that many of the syringes in use were cumbersome, required two hands to operate, and were prone to imprecision and sanitation issues. * This posed challenges for nurses and physicians in clinical environments that demanded speed, accuracy, and sterility.

* Blount invented this self-feeding device while working with amputees following World War II * It had a tube to transport individual bites of food to the patient's mouth. * This allowed patients to control how much they would eat without assistance from others. * The American Veterans Administration (VA) declined Blount's invention, so in 1952 she licensed it freely to the French government.

* Lewis holds a patent for Wheeled Travois a bamboo travois that can be easily assembled & used to transport people & things easily in emergency situations. * She is an advocate for Inventing 101, a middle school curriculum she developed to teach children they are capable of inventing to solve problems. * She founded ‘YouSolve Inc’, a global crowdsourced problem solving web site in 2018.

* Jackson invented the CPR wrap for use in emergency situations. It prompts users in CPR steps & is made from eco-friendly non-woven fabric. * Jackson created the wrap after her 2-year-old son stopped breathing; she froze, & forgot how to administer CPR. Her husband stepped in to perform CPR, and saved their son's life. * This traumatic event caused her to wonder how many other trained professionals might forget their training when faced with a traumatic emergency. Jackson’s company has started ‘Operation School Safety Initiative’ to raise money to supply CPR Wrap Kits in every classroom.

* Artunduaga designed Sylvee, a wearable chest device, that detects COPD exacerbations * Device monitors respiratory health & management without having to use hospital equipment * Founded Samay to produce and market the device.

* Blount invented a disposable kidney-shaped disposable cardboard dish made out of flour, water, and newspaper that was baked until the material was hard * The concave shape of the small basin fits into the curves of a human body * By making it disposable, the danger of passing infections from one patient to another was eliminated * U.S. Veterans Affairs (VA) showed no interest in Blount's invention so she sold the rights to her invention to a company in Belgium.

* Dağdeviren has developed piezoelectric mechanical energy harvesters (PZT MEH) which are powered by human motion instead of batteries. * Using PZT MEH, she developed in 2017 a flexible devices that senses mechanical deformation within the gastric cavity * 2018 she & her team developed miniaturized neural system for chronic local drug delivery.

* Casano, at age 12, 2020 invented in 2020 the Medi Teddy to cover medical IV bags, in order to alleviate the fears of young children in the hospital. * Founded Medi Teddy Inc, a nonprofit that provides Medi Teddy IV Bag Covers to pediatric infusion patients at no cost to the patient. * Medi Teddy comes in two models: a personalized, washable “Bailey” plush with a stretchy mesh rear pouch, and a silicone “Hope” bear designed for hospitals to reuse with multiple patients. * Her fear of needles & all the IV equipment inspired her to invent the Medi Teddy.

* In 2023 Clayborne received $750,000 in start-up investments from Maryland’s Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO).

* Richards-Kortum founded Rice360 Institute for Global Health to develop highly effective, low-cost healthcare solutions for underserved communities * Works to educate future leaders to innovate and implement solutions for underserved healthcare options * Developed a low-cost, battery imaging system that could detect premalignant tissue without a biopsy * Her lab works to advance nanotech & molecular imaging in order to develop portable & inexpensive optical imaging systems * Developed low-power devices for premature babies in impoverished areas at low-cost. low-cost battery imaging system to detect premalignant tissues without a biopsy; works to advance nanotech & molecular imaging to develop portable & inexpensive optical imaging systems; developed Pumani CPAP system to help newborns with breathing problems; developed BiliSpec a diagnostic tool for jaundice & DoseRight a solution for precise administration of liquid medicine to children; teaches students to be technological innovators who think in human terms

* Abrams designed & made the 1st Post-Op Supportive Hug (POSH) Pillow for mastectomy patients. * It is designed to be placed across the chest & held together by a seatbelt. * She developed this after witnessing a patient’s discomfort in the car during the post-operative healing period.

* Andersen was the first to name & identify cystic fibrosis as a separate, likely genetic disease transmitted in a recessive manner. * Developed a simple diagnostic test for CF. * Treated her CF patients with specific diet changes, vitamins & pancreatic enzymes treated CF-related lung infections with antibiotics. * Her treatment was critical in increasing the life-expectancy of CF patients.

* Yalow with collaborator Solomon Berson developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, a method for measuring concentrations of substances in blood * Radioisotope tracing technique that allows the measurement of tiny quantities of various biological substances in human blood, as well as a multitude of other aqueous fluids * Originally used to study insulin levels in diabetes mellitus, the technique has since been applied to hundreds of other substances * Includes hormones, vitamins and enzymes, all which had been present in quantities or concentrations that were previously too small to detect * Without the contributions of Yalow to the work of accurate hormone measurement, it would be impossible to diagnose various hormone-related conditions and endocrine diseases * Called "the Mother of Endocrinology."

* Xu developed an early detection tool which can use ordinary smartphone photographs to differentiate Kawasaki Disease from its lookalike diseases.

* Blount observed in her practice how a person's handwriting reflected their state of health * Published a technical paper on "Medical Graphology" * Career in forensics, when by the late 1960s she was assisting police departments * In 1977, the Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard) Forensic Science Laboratory invited Blount to join them in London for advanced studies in graphology.

* Gonzalez patented processes to diagnose invasive amebiasis, a parasitic disease that kills between 50,000 to 100,000 people each year

* Free worked with her husband to make urine tests more convenient than tablets by creating strips. * The duo introduced Clinistix, the first dip-and-read diagnostic test strip for monitoring glucose in urine. * Further work to develop other strips that could test for key indicators of diseases, such as proteins and ketones * Created Multistix, which enabled a urine analysis that combined multiple tests into one strip.

* Preston was in the first graduating class of Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1851 in their 1st class * opened a school of nursing in 1863 * 1866 became 1st female dean of the Women's Medical College * advocate for the training of women to become doctors

* Singer was lead in new field of recombinant DNA technology, among the 1st to call attention to the possible risks of genetic engineering. * She organized the 1975 Asilomar conference in order to bring together scientists to impose restrictions and draw guidelines on recombinant DNA research, * Advocated for resumption of research under cautious safeguards until more was known about the potential biohazards of recombinant DNA technology.