Innovations

* Demonet illustrated facial reconstruction surgeries during WWI to assist doctors with surgeries on wounded soldiers * Her work enabled doctors who performed the surgeries & repairs to teach others & review their work * Founding member of the Association of Medical Illustrators (AMI) * Started work at the National Institute of Health in 1926 and became chief of Medical Arts department in 1938.

* Green developed a method where lasers are used to "illuminate" the nanoparticles * Using this image of cancerous cells decreases the amount of time it takes to target these cells * Member of the team that developed a laboratory method to insert nanoparticles into cancer cells while avoiding surrounding healthy cells * Tissue incorporating the nanoparticles heats up due to directed laser radiation, which then destroys the cancer cells.

* The work of Ann Tsukamoto has been of immense value to the field of regenerative medicine, particularly in the treatment and research of neurodegenerative diseases. * Her research on human neural stem cells has resulted in potential therapeutic treatments for conditions such as spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. * Isolation of these stem cells has been a platform for further clinical research, testing their ability to repair and regenerate damaged neural tissues. * Besides her contribution to hematopoietic and neural stem cell biology, her research and work have influenced advancements in gene therapy and tissue engineering.

* Askins used radioactive materials to enhance underexposed images from space revealing details in images from deep space never detected before * Method involved making a 2nd print using the radioactive materials, the resulting print is called an autoradiograph * This technology also used in photo restoration * In x-ray technology it lowers the amount of radiation a patient is exposed to.

* Through her research on the effects of weightlessness on an individual’s physiology, Long determined that space had no effect on sickle cell anemia. * This finding opened up careers in aerospace to more African Americans.

Identified chromosomal translocation as the cause of leukemia and other cancers (1972) proving cancer is a genetic disease & chromosome abnormalities were important; developed the use of existing methods of quinacrine fluorescence & Giemsa staining to identify chromosomes; instrumental in the creation of Gleevec a drug to treat leukemia; holds 3 patents

A hug machine, also known as a hug box, a squeeze machine, or a squeeze box, is a therapeutic device designed to calm hypersensitive persons, usually individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The device was invented by Temple Grandin to administer deep-touch pressure, a type of physical stimulation often self-administered by autistic individuals as a means of self-soothing.[1][2] Autistic people often have sensory processing disorder, which entails abnormal levels of stimulation of the senses (such as hypersensitivity).[3] Because of difficulty with social interactions, it can be uncomfortable or impractical to turn to other human beings for comfort, including hugs. Grandin addressed this by designing the hug machine, in part to help her own anxiety and sensory sensitivity. age 18 invented a hug box-a device to calm those on the autism spectrum she invented to calm herself; 1986 published her book, Emergence: Labeled Autistic, where she publicly discussed her struggles with autism; her book, Developing Talents, 2nd Edition, explores many unnoticed aspects of vocational rehabilitation programs that provide job training and placement for people with disabilities, as well as Social Security Administration programs that offer vocational assistance; 1995, published "Thinking in Pictures, an autobiography showcased her belief that all autistic people saw the world in picture like she did but the 2nd edition published in 2006 identified 3 types of autism-1. Visual Thinkers like she is, who think in photographically specific images. 2. Music and Math Thinkers – who think in patterns and may be good at mathematics, chess, and programming computers. 3. Verbal Logic Thinkers – who think in word details, and she noted that their favorite subject may be history; 2013 published The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum; 1980 published her first two scientific articles on beef cattle behavior during handling; was one of the first scientists to report animals are sensitive to visual distractions in handling facilities such as shadows, dangling chains, and other environmental details that most people do not notice; developed a center track (double rail) conveyor restrainer system for holding cattle during stunning at large beef slaughtering plants; developed an objective, numerical scoring system for assessing animal welfare at slaughtering plants; has also written about the effect of hair whorl position on cattle behavior, the influence of stress prior to slaughter upon meat quality, religious slaughter, mothering behavior of beef cows, cattle temperament, and causes of bruising; designed curved corrals she adapted with the intention of reducing stress, panic, and injury in animals being led to slaughter; contributing editor to MEAT+POULTRY; consults for firms with McDonald’s, Burger King, and Swift to focus on ethical slaughtering practices;

founded the National association of Army Nurses of the civil War; conducted mental health system evaluations & wrote reports to legislatures in Rhode Island, New York, Indiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Louisiana, Illinois, North & South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Maryland, & Alabama & at least 13 European countries which resulted in mental health hospital reform; 1854 & 55 conducted an investigation in Scotland which resulted in the formation of the Scottish Lunacy Commission; her investigation in Rome led to praise from Pope Pius IX; 1861 was appointed superintendent of Army Nurses by the Union Army resigning in 1865; ultimately founded mental health 32 hospitals in the US & in influenced the creation of 2 in Japan

Bercey was an international expert on weather. Increasing the participation of African-American women in meteorology and geophysical science was a major focus for Bacon-Bercey. In 1978, she published an analysis of African-American meteorologists in the US.[16] She had won $64,000 as a contestant on The $128,000 Question in 1977, which she used to establish a scholarship fund for young women interested in atmospheric sciences, administered by the American Geophysical Union (AGU).[17][18] From 1978-1990, 13 women (12 graduate students, 1 undergraduate student) received $400-$500 of scholarship money from AGU's June Bacon-Bercey Scholarship in Atmospheric Sciences for Women.

she & her team mix two common types of soil bacteria, Bacillus pasteurii and Sporosarcina ureae, with sand and “feed” the bacteria a rich solution containing both urea and calcium chloride; after using up the supply of nutrients, the bacteria die, but by that time, the calcium carbonate has crystalized the sand into solid limestone*when perfected, her process for creating & fixing limestone is expected to be used to restore such monuments as the foundation of the empire State Building & Mt. Rushmore

1943-1944 with Selman Waksman & Albert Schatz discovered streptomycin; worked on antimicrobials which could protect plants from Dutch elm disease; after the discovery of streptomycin she worked on micromonosporin, a pigmented glycoprotein which was active against gram-positive bacteria; worked for Merck & Co. evaluating pyrazinoic acid and penicillin as antibiotics against mycobacterium tuberculosis & developed several antimicrobial substances;

* Charpentier uncovered a novel mechanism for the maturation of a non-coding RNA which is pivotal in the function of CRISPR/Cas9. * Demonstrated that a small RNA called tracrRNA is essential for the maturation of crRNA. * Essential to the CRISPR process, for which she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2020.

* Hazen and Brown began searching for an effective antifungal agent for the New York State Health Department * In 1950, they presented the first safe and effective antifungal antibiotic to the National Academy of Sciences * The research had numerous applications ranging from saving infected trees to restoring paintings & artwork damaged by mold * Further research developed nystatin, the first fungicide safe for treating humans.

invented generalized dynamic instruction handling dimentionless scalable design rules that simplified chip design & design tools; holds 5 patents

with Edward D. Boyes created the original atomic-resolution ETEM or environmental transmission electron microscope which enables the visualization and analysis on the atomic scale of dynamic gas-catalyst reactions underpinning key chemical processes; in 2009 succeeded in creating a microscope capable of perceiving chemical reactions at the atomic scale; also with Boyes analytical in-situ environmental scanning TEM(ESTEM) with single atom resolution, to visualise and analyse dynamic gas-catalyst reactions at operating temperatures, underpinning key chemical processes, at the atomic level and in real time; is founding Co-Director, The York JEOL Nanocentre, University of York; while at DuPont she discovered an atomic scale reaction site mechanism in catalysts, since called the Gai glide shear mechanism, key to efficiently producing biofuels and polymers; also developed antibiotic nanoparticles for healthcare applications and a green nanocoating process for strong polymers and coatings;

developed multiple programs that reduce the time it takes to perform data analysis; specializes in Python programming, front-end web design, and developer team management; due to her efforts tasks that used to take 4 ISR analysts 3 months to complete, now take the computer program less than 1 minute;

founded the Black Leadership Development Program (BLDP) in Dayton Ohio in 1982 to educate & train African-Americans to be leaders in their communities; created Parity or Parity Inc in 2000 to facilitate BLDP's training program; fought against segregation & opened doors for African-American women in the military; while commanding the 6888th she developed a new system of organizing & tracking mail & tracking individual service members by maintaining over 7 million information cards which included serial numbers to distinguish members with the same or similar names; her battalion processed over 195,000 pieces of mail & packages daily to clear the backlog in 3 months; 1945 she & her unit transferred to France to clear another backlog of military mail; she & her unit eventually cleared over 17 million pieces of mail during the war

1st woman to receive a military pension due to an injury sustained at the Battle of Ft Washington on November 16, 1776

founder & executive director of ScholarChips; plus-size model, motivational speaker; has a podcast& radio show

patent for weaving straw with silk & threMary Dixon Kies (March 21, 1752 – 1837) was an American inventor. On May 5, 1809, her patent for a new technique of weaving straw with silk and thread to make hats was signed by President James Madison. Because of the Napoleonic Wars, the United States had embargoed all trade with France and Great Britain, creating a need for American-made hats to replace European millinery. The straw-weaving industry filled the gap, with over $500,000 ($9 million in today's money) worth of straw bonnets produced in Massachusetts alone in 1810.[9] The hats produced with this technique were sturdier than others, because Kies’ method of using silk instead of straws in the seam held the cross-hatching together. Also, the hat-making method she introduced was highly cost-effective; thus, a lot of businesses in the hat-manufacturing market adopted it, after Kies’ patent was burned in the fire of the Patent Office in 1836. ad to make hats; patent was lost in Patent Office fire of 1836; considered by many to be the 1st female recipient of a patent (others consider Hannah Slater who received a patent under name Mrs. Samuel Slater or Hazel Irwin to be 1st recipient

* Blum led the expedition which consisted of thirteen women, and six sherpas * Many of the women were especially determined to forge their own leadership methods and styles independent of the male lead expeditions before them * Holds a Gold Medal from the Society of Woman Geographers, an honor previously given to only eight other women including Amelia Earhart, Margaret Mead, and Mary Leakey.

invented the 1st boom mic for the 1929 Paramount film The Wild Party but never applied for a patent; 1950 founded filmmaking classes at The Pasadena Playhouse; late 1950s became the entertainment and publicity consultant at the Pepsi-Cola Company making many commercials for them starring Joan Crawford;

* Baca’s public artworks focus on revealing and reconciling diverse peoples’ struggles and affirm the connections of each community to that place * Studied muralism at La Tallera in Cuernavaca, Mexico * Wanted to make art that was accessible beyond the constraints of the gallery and the museum, on the streets and walls of the community * 1970 used rival gang members in her murals to bring the community together * In her mural Raspados Mojados used a street vendor cart to address immigration issues and the misrepresentations of Mexicans living in the United States * Always sought to include community in her artistic processes.

Under the pseudonym E.B. Miriam composed musical pieces, including songs & marches for piano & band; "Boston Elite Quickstep" was reportedly performed by Sousa's band & another of her compositions was used by Theodore Roosevelt's presidential campaign in 1904.

Known for work in carbon nanotubes graphite graphite intercalation compounds fullerenes & low-dimensional thermoelectrics; holds 17 patents

reportedly holds a patent for therapeutic wound dressing but no patent was located; founded a clothing company she named "Bear Don't Walk Originals;" fought for Indian Health Services to provide &/or pay for medical services for Native americans living outside of reservations

Documenting Sea Turtles

Co-creator of Barabasi-Albert algorithm with Albert Laszlo Barabasi

globally recognized for her translational research on the underlying neurobiology of substance use disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders; pioneering work on the transgenerational effects of cannabis on the developing brain; conducts human critical trials in developing novel therapies for opiod use disorders-currently investigating the use of CBD to reduce craving for heroin

Investigates the molecular & genetic basis of learning memory & its disorders especially epilepsy & Alzheimers; discovered the role of NF-kB in fear memory formation & in epilepsy leading to memory loss; found a3B1 integrin signalling may be responsible for suppression of cytokine responses in epithelial cells during inflammation & wound healing

Addressed the need to improve science education & research opportunities at minority institutions; helped establish Delta Research & Educational Foundation (DREF); helped launch Head Start Program

* Canady was co-inventor of a programmable antisiphon shunt system designed to treat hydrocephalus, a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain's ventricles. * The device allowed for pressure adjustments without additional surgical intervention and helped reduce complications associated with overdrainage. * It incorporated antisiphon mechanisms and programmability features that enabled safer, more personalized cerebrospinal fluid management in pediatric patients.

She led her family's newspaper, The Washington Post, from 1963 to 1991. Graham presided over the paper as it reported on the Watergate scandal, which eventually led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. She was the first 20th century female publisher of a major American newspaper and the first woman elected to the board of the Associated Press. Graham's memoir, Personal History, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1998.

Helped rescue 9 people from a shipwreck in 1838

* Wu is known for the Wu Experiment which proved parity was not conserved * Worked on the Manhattan Project, and helped develop the process for separating uranium into uranium-235 & uranium-238 isotopes by gaseous diffusion *Was an authority on beta decay * In 1975 Wu met with President Ford & requested he form an advisory scientific body resulting in the formation of the Office of Science & Technology Policy.

co-founder of what would become the National League for Nursing with Isabel Hampton Robb & Mary Adelaide Nutting; with Nutting wrote a 4 volume history of nursing (1907-12); 1890 wrote Matera Medica for Nurses, the standard manual of drugs for many years; 1893 founded Nurses" Associated Alumnae (now American Nurses Association); with Ethel Gordon Fenwick founded the International council of Nurses (1899); helped organize the National association of colored Graduate Nurses in 1908; campaigned for nursing to be declared as a profession & to allow nurses rather than physicians to control their profession

1895 established the Baltimore Visiting Nursing Association; is 1 of the founders of the National Women's Party Minnesota Branch (1915) & was chair 1915-1920; was a Red Cross & Army nurse during WWI & was given the rank of Major; was acting Surgical Chief of Nursing at Fort McHenry during WWI; her autobiography "A Rebel in Thought" was published in 1944; 1 of the leading women's rights activists inMinnesota & advocate for birth control

1907 helped establish the 1st hospital & nursing school on Maryland's eastern shore, Easton Memorial Hospital; with Elizabeth Wright Dixon began the nursing school run solely by volunteers; 1909 chaired the special sanitary committee run through the Maryland Association for the Prevention & Relief of Tuberculosis; elected chairman of the Women's Suffrage Association of Maryland 1909; was chair of the legislative committee of the Just Government League of Maryland 1910; during WWI fought for nurses to receive officer rank; founded the Talbot County League of Women Voters; helped establish the Talbot County chapter of the Children's Aid Society